Gauge-Invariant Quantum Thermodynamics: Consequences for the First Law

The universality of classical thermodynamics rests on the central limit theorem, due to which, measurements of thermal fluctuations are unable to reveal detailed information regarding the microscopic structure of a macroscopic body. When small systems are considered and fluctuations become important...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lucas C. Céleri, Łukasz Rudnicki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-01-01
Series:Entropy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/2/111