Sidestream Smoke Extracts from Harm-Reduction and Conventional Camel Cigarettes Inhibit Osteogenic Differentiation via Oxidative Stress and Differential Activation of intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways
Epidemiological studies suggest cigarette smoking as a probable environmental factor for a variety of congenital anomalies, including low bone mass, increased fracture risk and poor skeletal health. Human and animal in vitro models have confirmed hypomineralization of differentiating cell lines with...
Main Authors: | Nicole R. L. Sparks, Lauren M. Walker, Steven R. Sera, Joseph V. Madrid, Michael Hanna, Edward C. Dominguez, Nicole I. zur Nieden |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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Series: | Antioxidants |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2474 |
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