MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell fate and responses via its functions in regulating metabolism. Its role in controlling immunity was unraveled by early studies on the immunosuppressive properties of rapamycin. Recent studies have provided insights on how metabolic reprogrammi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/728 |
| _version_ | 1797534283577950208 |
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| author | Guy Werlen Ritika Jain Estela Jacinto |
| author_facet | Guy Werlen Ritika Jain Estela Jacinto |
| author_sort | Guy Werlen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell fate and responses via its functions in regulating metabolism. Its role in controlling immunity was unraveled by early studies on the immunosuppressive properties of rapamycin. Recent studies have provided insights on how metabolic reprogramming and mTOR signaling impact peripheral T cell activation and fate. The contribution of mTOR and metabolism during early T-cell development in the thymus is also emerging and is the subject of this review. Two major T lineages with distinct immune functions and peripheral homing organs diverge during early thymic development; the αβ- and γδ-T cells, which are defined by their respective TCR subunits. Thymic T-regulatory cells, which have immunosuppressive functions, also develop in the thymus from positively selected αβ-T cells. Here, we review recent findings on how the two mTOR protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and the signaling molecules involved in the mTOR pathway are involved in thymocyte differentiation. We discuss emerging views on how metabolic remodeling impacts early T cell development and how this can be mediated via mTOR signaling. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:27:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08248ac8301d4432b76829e5d287c35a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:27:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-08248ac8301d4432b76829e5d287c35a2023-11-21T19:31:19ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-05-0112572810.3390/genes12050728MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell DevelopmentGuy Werlen0Ritika Jain1Estela Jacinto2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAThe mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell fate and responses via its functions in regulating metabolism. Its role in controlling immunity was unraveled by early studies on the immunosuppressive properties of rapamycin. Recent studies have provided insights on how metabolic reprogramming and mTOR signaling impact peripheral T cell activation and fate. The contribution of mTOR and metabolism during early T-cell development in the thymus is also emerging and is the subject of this review. Two major T lineages with distinct immune functions and peripheral homing organs diverge during early thymic development; the αβ- and γδ-T cells, which are defined by their respective TCR subunits. Thymic T-regulatory cells, which have immunosuppressive functions, also develop in the thymus from positively selected αβ-T cells. Here, we review recent findings on how the two mTOR protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and the signaling molecules involved in the mTOR pathway are involved in thymocyte differentiation. We discuss emerging views on how metabolic remodeling impacts early T cell development and how this can be mediated via mTOR signaling.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/728mTORmTORC1mTORC2thymocytesT lymphocytesearly T cell development |
| spellingShingle | Guy Werlen Ritika Jain Estela Jacinto MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development Genes mTOR mTORC1 mTORC2 thymocytes T lymphocytes early T cell development |
| title | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
| title_full | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
| title_fullStr | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
| title_short | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
| title_sort | mtor signaling and metabolism in early t cell development |
| topic | mTOR mTORC1 mTORC2 thymocytes T lymphocytes early T cell development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/728 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT guywerlen mtorsignalingandmetabolisminearlytcelldevelopment AT ritikajain mtorsignalingandmetabolisminearlytcelldevelopment AT estelajacinto mtorsignalingandmetabolisminearlytcelldevelopment |