Memory and mutualism in species sustainability: A time-fractional Lotka-Volterra model with harvesting

We first present a predator-prey model for two species and then extend the model to three species where the two predator species engage in mutualistic predation. Constant effort harvesting and the impact of by-catch issue are also incorporated. Necessary sufficient conditions for the existence and s...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mohammad M. Amirian, I.N. Towers, Z. Jovanoski, Andrew J. Irwin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2020-09-01
Series:Heliyon
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020316595