Experimental Exploration of Multilevel Human Pain Assessment Using Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) Signals

Critically ill patients often lack cognitive or communicative functions, making it challenging to assess their pain levels using self-reporting mechanisms. There is an urgent need for an accurate system that can assess pain levels without relying on patient-reported information. Blood volume pulse (...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Muhammad Umar Khan, Sumair Aziz, Niraj Hirachan, Calvin Joseph, Jasper Li, Raul Fernandez-Rojas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-04-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/8/3980