Mathematical Modeling of Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Release from Binary Polysaccharide/Gelatin Blend Matrices
Water-soluble AstaSana astaxanthin (AST) was loaded into 75/25 blend films made of polysaccharides (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gum Arabic (GAR), starch sodium octenyl succinate (OSA), water-soluble soy polysaccharides (WSSP)) and gelatin (GEL) at levels of 0.25, 0.5, and 1%, respectively. Due to...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Colloids and Interfaces |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-5377/5/3/41 |
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| author | Katarzyna Łupina Dariusz Kowalczyk Tomasz Skrzypek Barbara Baraniak |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Łupina Dariusz Kowalczyk Tomasz Skrzypek Barbara Baraniak |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Łupina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water-soluble AstaSana astaxanthin (AST) was loaded into 75/25 blend films made of polysaccharides (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gum Arabic (GAR), starch sodium octenyl succinate (OSA), water-soluble soy polysaccharides (WSSP)) and gelatin (GEL) at levels of 0.25, 0.5, and 1%, respectively. Due to the presence of starch granules in the AST formulation, the supplemented films exhibited increased surface roughness as compared to the AST-free films. Apart from the CMC/GEL carrier, the migration of AST to water (25 °C, 32 h) was incomplete. Excluding the CMC-based carrier, the gradual rise in the AST concentration decreased the release rate. The Hopfenberg with time lag model provided the best fit for all release series data. Based on the quarter-release times (t<sub>25%</sub>), the 0.25% AST-supplemented OSA/GEL film (t<sub>25%</sub> = 13.34 h) ensured a 1.9, 2.2, and 148.2 slower release compared to the GAR-, WSSP- and CMC-based carriers, respectively. According to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, the CMC-based films offered a quasi-Fickian release of AST (<i>n</i> < 0.5) with the burst effect (t<sub>100%</sub> = 0.5–1 h). In general, the release of AST from the other films was multi-mechanistic (<i>n</i> > 0.5), i.e., controlled at least by Fickian diffusion and the polymer relaxation (erosion) mechanism. The 1% AST-added WSSP/GEL system provided the most linear release profile. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:47:03Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-5377 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:47:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Colloids and Interfaces |
| spelling | doaj.art-0b3edf0d6cae451ea8c5d31fe10240522023-11-22T12:33:12ZengMDPI AGColloids and Interfaces2504-53772021-08-01534110.3390/colloids5030041Mathematical Modeling of Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Release from Binary Polysaccharide/Gelatin Blend MatricesKatarzyna Łupina0Dariusz Kowalczyk1Tomasz Skrzypek2Barbara Baraniak3Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, PolandLaboratory of Confocal and Electron Microscopy, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, PolandWater-soluble AstaSana astaxanthin (AST) was loaded into 75/25 blend films made of polysaccharides (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gum Arabic (GAR), starch sodium octenyl succinate (OSA), water-soluble soy polysaccharides (WSSP)) and gelatin (GEL) at levels of 0.25, 0.5, and 1%, respectively. Due to the presence of starch granules in the AST formulation, the supplemented films exhibited increased surface roughness as compared to the AST-free films. Apart from the CMC/GEL carrier, the migration of AST to water (25 °C, 32 h) was incomplete. Excluding the CMC-based carrier, the gradual rise in the AST concentration decreased the release rate. The Hopfenberg with time lag model provided the best fit for all release series data. Based on the quarter-release times (t<sub>25%</sub>), the 0.25% AST-supplemented OSA/GEL film (t<sub>25%</sub> = 13.34 h) ensured a 1.9, 2.2, and 148.2 slower release compared to the GAR-, WSSP- and CMC-based carriers, respectively. According to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, the CMC-based films offered a quasi-Fickian release of AST (<i>n</i> < 0.5) with the burst effect (t<sub>100%</sub> = 0.5–1 h). In general, the release of AST from the other films was multi-mechanistic (<i>n</i> > 0.5), i.e., controlled at least by Fickian diffusion and the polymer relaxation (erosion) mechanism. The 1% AST-added WSSP/GEL system provided the most linear release profile.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-5377/5/3/41edible filmscarboxymethyl cellulosegum Arabicoctenyl succinic anhydride starchwater-soluble soy polysaccharidesgelatin |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Łupina Dariusz Kowalczyk Tomasz Skrzypek Barbara Baraniak Mathematical Modeling of Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Release from Binary Polysaccharide/Gelatin Blend Matrices Colloids and Interfaces edible films carboxymethyl cellulose gum Arabic octenyl succinic anhydride starch water-soluble soy polysaccharides gelatin |
| title | Mathematical Modeling of Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Release from Binary Polysaccharide/Gelatin Blend Matrices |
| title_full | Mathematical Modeling of Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Release from Binary Polysaccharide/Gelatin Blend Matrices |
| title_fullStr | Mathematical Modeling of Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Release from Binary Polysaccharide/Gelatin Blend Matrices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mathematical Modeling of Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Release from Binary Polysaccharide/Gelatin Blend Matrices |
| title_short | Mathematical Modeling of Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Release from Binary Polysaccharide/Gelatin Blend Matrices |
| title_sort | mathematical modeling of water soluble astaxanthin release from binary polysaccharide gelatin blend matrices |
| topic | edible films carboxymethyl cellulose gum Arabic octenyl succinic anhydride starch water-soluble soy polysaccharides gelatin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-5377/5/3/41 |
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