Wafer Surface Reconstruction Based on Shape From Focus
Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and other equipment play an important role in the fields of topography restoration and detection. However, these devices are generally used in nanometer-scale measurement scenarios. For wafer topography quality control scenarios ranging from micr...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10433512/ |
| _version_ | 1797296316978561024 |
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| author | Shaohang Wang Jiqiang Chen Hua Shi Mingye Li |
| author_facet | Shaohang Wang Jiqiang Chen Hua Shi Mingye Li |
| author_sort | Shaohang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and other equipment play an important role in the fields of topography restoration and detection. However, these devices are generally used in nanometer-scale measurement scenarios. For wafer topography quality control scenarios ranging from microns to hundreds of microns, these technologies have problems such as high cost and slow detection speed. Therefore, developing new, low-cost, and high-precision methods is necessary. To address this problem, a wafer surface reconstruction framework is proposed based on the shape-from-focus principle. In view of the characteristics of the large area and micro-small height of the wafer, to solve the limitations of the existing shape from focus framework, which is generally based on a single field, we created a multi-field image sequence rapid acquisition system and proposed the use of pulse control methods to achieve rapid acquisition of large area images. On the other hand, this paper proposes a dual filtering framework combining the Levy flight filtering principle with the SOR algorithm in point cloud filtering to achieve a balance between smoothing the depth map and maintaining the detailed structure, reducing the impact of noise, and improving the morphology restoration accuracy. To avoid splicing seams between fields, the progressive detection multifield stitching technique is used to complete large-area depth data stitching. Experiments were conducted on both synthetic and real objects to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In terms of synthesized images, the accuracy of the three methods significantly improved after applying the proposed method framework. After applying the Tenenbaum method framework, its correlation and peak signal-to-noise ratio improved by 7.5% and 38.2%, respectively, and its root mean square error was reduced by 40.7%. The excellent accuracy reconstruction results of the proposed method was verified through accuracy evaluation experiments. The height errors of the three methods used were all higher than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. However, after using the proposed method framework, the maximum error was only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.24~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The experimental results indicated that this method overcomes the area limitation of traditional SFF and is suitable for applying wafer surface morphology measurements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:02:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0c51d12c98ed4efa890808aaecb4854e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:02:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-0c51d12c98ed4efa890808aaecb4854e2024-02-24T00:00:31ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112256842569910.1109/ACCESS.2024.336550610433512Wafer Surface Reconstruction Based on Shape From FocusShaohang Wang0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5569-4149Jiqiang Chen1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6014-6381Hua Shi2Mingye Li3School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, ChinaScanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and other equipment play an important role in the fields of topography restoration and detection. However, these devices are generally used in nanometer-scale measurement scenarios. For wafer topography quality control scenarios ranging from microns to hundreds of microns, these technologies have problems such as high cost and slow detection speed. Therefore, developing new, low-cost, and high-precision methods is necessary. To address this problem, a wafer surface reconstruction framework is proposed based on the shape-from-focus principle. In view of the characteristics of the large area and micro-small height of the wafer, to solve the limitations of the existing shape from focus framework, which is generally based on a single field, we created a multi-field image sequence rapid acquisition system and proposed the use of pulse control methods to achieve rapid acquisition of large area images. On the other hand, this paper proposes a dual filtering framework combining the Levy flight filtering principle with the SOR algorithm in point cloud filtering to achieve a balance between smoothing the depth map and maintaining the detailed structure, reducing the impact of noise, and improving the morphology restoration accuracy. To avoid splicing seams between fields, the progressive detection multifield stitching technique is used to complete large-area depth data stitching. Experiments were conducted on both synthetic and real objects to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In terms of synthesized images, the accuracy of the three methods significantly improved after applying the proposed method framework. After applying the Tenenbaum method framework, its correlation and peak signal-to-noise ratio improved by 7.5% and 38.2%, respectively, and its root mean square error was reduced by 40.7%. The excellent accuracy reconstruction results of the proposed method was verified through accuracy evaluation experiments. The height errors of the three methods used were all higher than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. However, after using the proposed method framework, the maximum error was only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.24~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The experimental results indicated that this method overcomes the area limitation of traditional SFF and is suitable for applying wafer surface morphology measurements.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10433512/Wafershape from focusLevy filteringdefect detection |
| spellingShingle | Shaohang Wang Jiqiang Chen Hua Shi Mingye Li Wafer Surface Reconstruction Based on Shape From Focus IEEE Access Wafer shape from focus Levy filtering defect detection |
| title | Wafer Surface Reconstruction Based on Shape From Focus |
| title_full | Wafer Surface Reconstruction Based on Shape From Focus |
| title_fullStr | Wafer Surface Reconstruction Based on Shape From Focus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wafer Surface Reconstruction Based on Shape From Focus |
| title_short | Wafer Surface Reconstruction Based on Shape From Focus |
| title_sort | wafer surface reconstruction based on shape from focus |
| topic | Wafer shape from focus Levy filtering defect detection |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10433512/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shaohangwang wafersurfacereconstructionbasedonshapefromfocus AT jiqiangchen wafersurfacereconstructionbasedonshapefromfocus AT huashi wafersurfacereconstructionbasedonshapefromfocus AT mingyeli wafersurfacereconstructionbasedonshapefromfocus |