Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy Alters Daily Activity and Feeding Cycles, and Hypothalamic Clock Gene Expression in Adult Male Mouse Offspring
An obesogenic diet adversely affects the endogenous mammalian circadian clock, altering daily activity and metabolism, and resulting in obesity. We investigated whether an obese pregnancy can alter the molecular clock in the offspring hypothalamus, resulting in changes to their activity and feeding...
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/21/5408 |
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| author | Jane K. Cleal Kimberley D. Bruce Jasmin L. Shearer Hugh Thomas Jack Plume Louise Gregory James N. Shepard Kerry L. Spiers-Fitzgerald Ravi Mani Rohan M. Lewis Karen A. Lillycrop Mark A. Hanson Christopher D. Byrne Felino R. Cagampang |
| author_facet | Jane K. Cleal Kimberley D. Bruce Jasmin L. Shearer Hugh Thomas Jack Plume Louise Gregory James N. Shepard Kerry L. Spiers-Fitzgerald Ravi Mani Rohan M. Lewis Karen A. Lillycrop Mark A. Hanson Christopher D. Byrne Felino R. Cagampang |
| author_sort | Jane K. Cleal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An obesogenic diet adversely affects the endogenous mammalian circadian clock, altering daily activity and metabolism, and resulting in obesity. We investigated whether an obese pregnancy can alter the molecular clock in the offspring hypothalamus, resulting in changes to their activity and feeding rhythms. Female mice were fed a control (C, 7% kcal fat) or high fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat) before mating and throughout pregnancy. Male offspring were fed the C or HF diet postweaning, resulting in four offspring groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C, and HF/HF. Daily activity and food intake were monitored, and at 15 weeks of age were killed at six time-points over 24 h. The clock genes <i>Clock</i>, <i>Bmal1</i>, <i>Per2</i>, and <i>Cry2</i> in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and appetite genes <i>Npy</i> and <i>Pomc</i> in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) were measured. Daily activity and feeding cycles in the HF/C, C/HF, and HF/HF offspring were altered, with increased feeding bouts and activity during the day and increased food intake but reduced activity at night. Gene expression patterns and levels of <i>Clock, Bmal1</i>, <i>Per2</i>, and <i>Cry2</i> in the SCN and <i>Npy</i> and <i>Pomc</i> in the ARC were altered in HF diet-exposed offspring. The altered expression of hypothalamic molecular clock components and appetite genes, together with changes in activity and feeding rhythms, could be contributing to offspring obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:06:29Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:06:29Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0ca60ccce1c94b5ebc7032832662262d2022-12-22T03:33:41ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-10-012021540810.3390/ijms20215408ijms20215408Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy Alters Daily Activity and Feeding Cycles, and Hypothalamic Clock Gene Expression in Adult Male Mouse OffspringJane K. Cleal0Kimberley D. Bruce1Jasmin L. Shearer2Hugh Thomas3Jack Plume4Louise Gregory5James N. Shepard6Kerry L. Spiers-Fitzgerald7Ravi Mani8Rohan M. Lewis9Karen A. Lillycrop10Mark A. Hanson11Christopher D. Byrne12Felino R. Cagampang13School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKCentre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKCentre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKCentre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKCentre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKAn obesogenic diet adversely affects the endogenous mammalian circadian clock, altering daily activity and metabolism, and resulting in obesity. We investigated whether an obese pregnancy can alter the molecular clock in the offspring hypothalamus, resulting in changes to their activity and feeding rhythms. Female mice were fed a control (C, 7% kcal fat) or high fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat) before mating and throughout pregnancy. Male offspring were fed the C or HF diet postweaning, resulting in four offspring groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C, and HF/HF. Daily activity and food intake were monitored, and at 15 weeks of age were killed at six time-points over 24 h. The clock genes <i>Clock</i>, <i>Bmal1</i>, <i>Per2</i>, and <i>Cry2</i> in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and appetite genes <i>Npy</i> and <i>Pomc</i> in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) were measured. Daily activity and feeding cycles in the HF/C, C/HF, and HF/HF offspring were altered, with increased feeding bouts and activity during the day and increased food intake but reduced activity at night. Gene expression patterns and levels of <i>Clock, Bmal1</i>, <i>Per2</i>, and <i>Cry2</i> in the SCN and <i>Npy</i> and <i>Pomc</i> in the ARC were altered in HF diet-exposed offspring. The altered expression of hypothalamic molecular clock components and appetite genes, together with changes in activity and feeding rhythms, could be contributing to offspring obesity.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/21/5408high fat dietmaternal obesitypregnancycircadian clocksappetitesuprachiasmatic nucleusarcuate nucleusmouseactivity |
| spellingShingle | Jane K. Cleal Kimberley D. Bruce Jasmin L. Shearer Hugh Thomas Jack Plume Louise Gregory James N. Shepard Kerry L. Spiers-Fitzgerald Ravi Mani Rohan M. Lewis Karen A. Lillycrop Mark A. Hanson Christopher D. Byrne Felino R. Cagampang Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy Alters Daily Activity and Feeding Cycles, and Hypothalamic Clock Gene Expression in Adult Male Mouse Offspring International Journal of Molecular Sciences high fat diet maternal obesity pregnancy circadian clocks appetite suprachiasmatic nucleus arcuate nucleus mouse activity |
| title | Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy Alters Daily Activity and Feeding Cycles, and Hypothalamic Clock Gene Expression in Adult Male Mouse Offspring |
| title_full | Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy Alters Daily Activity and Feeding Cycles, and Hypothalamic Clock Gene Expression in Adult Male Mouse Offspring |
| title_fullStr | Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy Alters Daily Activity and Feeding Cycles, and Hypothalamic Clock Gene Expression in Adult Male Mouse Offspring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy Alters Daily Activity and Feeding Cycles, and Hypothalamic Clock Gene Expression in Adult Male Mouse Offspring |
| title_short | Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy Alters Daily Activity and Feeding Cycles, and Hypothalamic Clock Gene Expression in Adult Male Mouse Offspring |
| title_sort | maternal obesity during pregnancy alters daily activity and feeding cycles and hypothalamic clock gene expression in adult male mouse offspring |
| topic | high fat diet maternal obesity pregnancy circadian clocks appetite suprachiasmatic nucleus arcuate nucleus mouse activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/21/5408 |
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