Gnarled-trunk evolutionary model of influenza A virus hemagglutinin.

Human influenza A viruses undergo antigenic changes with gradual accumulation of amino acid substitutions on the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule. A strong antigenic mismatch between vaccine and epidemic strains often requires the replacement of influenza vaccines worldwide. To establish a practical mode...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kimihito Ito, Manabu Igarashi, Yutaka Miyazaki, Teiji Murakami, Syaka Iida, Hiroshi Kida, Ayato Takada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3189952?pdf=render