Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> Subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional Foods
In this study, the mucilage polysaccharide (MP) from <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> subspecies <i>javanica</i> was prepared by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation and then fractionated using anion-exchange chromatography equipped with a DEAE Sepharose fast flow column. T...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/10/847 |
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| author | Utoomporn Surayot Sutee Wangtueai Sangguan You Charin Techapun Yuthana Phimolsiripol Noppol Leksawasdi Warawut Krusong Francisco J. Barba Phisit Seesuriyachan |
| author_facet | Utoomporn Surayot Sutee Wangtueai Sangguan You Charin Techapun Yuthana Phimolsiripol Noppol Leksawasdi Warawut Krusong Francisco J. Barba Phisit Seesuriyachan |
| author_sort | Utoomporn Surayot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the mucilage polysaccharide (MP) from <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> subspecies <i>javanica</i> was prepared by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation and then fractionated using anion-exchange chromatography equipped with a DEAE Sepharose fast flow column. The most immune-enhancing polysaccharide fraction 2 (MPF2) was subjected to a structural modification such as hydrolysis or over-sulphation. The sulphate and molecular weight (Mw) of over-sulphated (OS1-3) and hydrolysed (HS1-3) derivatives of MPF2 differed between 9.85% and 14.2% and 32.8 and 88.1 × 10<sup>3</sup> g/mol, respectively. Further, the immune-enhancing properties of MPF2 and its derivatives were tested on RAW264.7 and NK cells through various in vitro assays. Interestingly, a low molecular weight of HS1-3 significantly increased the nitric oxide (NO) production (<i>p</i> < 0.05) more than MPF2, indicating that Mw is a major factor in RAW264.7 cell stimulation. In addition, RAW264.7 cells produced various cytokines by up-regulating mRNA expression levels and the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. On the other hand, OS1-3-treated natural killer (NK) cells induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells through the expression of IFN-γ, Grandzyme-B, perforin, NKp30, and FasL. These results demonstrated that sulphate derivatives play an important role in NK cell activation. Further, this study also explores how polysaccharide binds to RAW264.7 and NK cells. MPF2 and HS3 may activate RAW264.7 cells via binding to TLR4 receptors, and OS2 could be activated through the CR3 signalling pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:27:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0decfe7716004e6ba68d1fbcf1f783fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:27:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-0decfe7716004e6ba68d1fbcf1f783fa2023-11-22T18:47:26ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-10-0171084710.3390/jof7100847Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> Subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional FoodsUtoomporn Surayot0Sutee Wangtueai1Sangguan You2Charin Techapun3Yuthana Phimolsiripol4Noppol Leksawasdi5Warawut Krusong6Francisco J. Barba7Phisit Seesuriyachan8College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, ThailandCollege of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, ThailandDepartment of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon 210-702, KoreaFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandDivision of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, ThailandDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, SpainFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandIn this study, the mucilage polysaccharide (MP) from <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> subspecies <i>javanica</i> was prepared by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation and then fractionated using anion-exchange chromatography equipped with a DEAE Sepharose fast flow column. The most immune-enhancing polysaccharide fraction 2 (MPF2) was subjected to a structural modification such as hydrolysis or over-sulphation. The sulphate and molecular weight (Mw) of over-sulphated (OS1-3) and hydrolysed (HS1-3) derivatives of MPF2 differed between 9.85% and 14.2% and 32.8 and 88.1 × 10<sup>3</sup> g/mol, respectively. Further, the immune-enhancing properties of MPF2 and its derivatives were tested on RAW264.7 and NK cells through various in vitro assays. Interestingly, a low molecular weight of HS1-3 significantly increased the nitric oxide (NO) production (<i>p</i> < 0.05) more than MPF2, indicating that Mw is a major factor in RAW264.7 cell stimulation. In addition, RAW264.7 cells produced various cytokines by up-regulating mRNA expression levels and the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. On the other hand, OS1-3-treated natural killer (NK) cells induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells through the expression of IFN-γ, Grandzyme-B, perforin, NKp30, and FasL. These results demonstrated that sulphate derivatives play an important role in NK cell activation. Further, this study also explores how polysaccharide binds to RAW264.7 and NK cells. MPF2 and HS3 may activate RAW264.7 cells via binding to TLR4 receptors, and OS2 could be activated through the CR3 signalling pathways.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/10/847mucilage polysaccharidemushroom<i>Amanita hemibapha</i> subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas)immunomodulatorysulphationhydrolysis |
| spellingShingle | Utoomporn Surayot Sutee Wangtueai Sangguan You Charin Techapun Yuthana Phimolsiripol Noppol Leksawasdi Warawut Krusong Francisco J. Barba Phisit Seesuriyachan Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> Subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional Foods Journal of Fungi mucilage polysaccharide mushroom <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) immunomodulatory sulphation hydrolysis |
| title | Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> Subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional Foods |
| title_full | Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> Subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional Foods |
| title_fullStr | Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> Subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional Foods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> Subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional Foods |
| title_short | Sulphation and Hydrolysis Improvements of Bioactivities, and Immuno-Modulatory Properties of Edible <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> Subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential in Personalized Functional Foods |
| title_sort | sulphation and hydrolysis improvements of bioactivities and immuno modulatory properties of edible i amanita hemibapha i subspecies i javanica i corner and bas mucilage polysaccharide as a potential in personalized functional foods |
| topic | mucilage polysaccharide mushroom <i>Amanita hemibapha</i> subspecies <i>javanica</i> (Corner and Bas) immunomodulatory sulphation hydrolysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/10/847 |
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