Blocking ERK1/2 signaling impairs TGF-β1 tumor promoting function but enhances its tumor suppressing role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells
Abstract Background Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a paradoxical role in cancer: it suppresses proliferation at early stages but promotes metastasis at late stages. This cytokine is upregulated in cholangiocarcinoma and is implicated in cholangiocarcinoma invasion and metastasis. Here we...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2017-09-01
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Series: | Cancer Cell International |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12935-017-0454-2 |