The Role of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in a Cell Spheroid Model of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disease among aging populations. There are two reported pathways of CAVD: osteogenic and dystrophic, the latter being more prevalent. Current two-dimensional (2D) in vitro CAVD models have shed light on the disease but lack three-di...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Colin W. Coutts, Ashley M. Baldwin, Mahvash Jebeli, Grace E. Jolin, Rozanne W. Mungai, Kristen L. Billiar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-12-01
Series:Cells
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/1/45