Exosomes as mediators of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a typical inflammatory-related cancer, mainly occurs in patients with chronic liver diseases. Moreover, the liver is an immunologically privileged apparatus with multiple immunosuppressive cell groups. The long process of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis turns the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Liver Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254256842200037X |
| _version_ | 1828234844713254912 |
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| author | Ming-Cheng Guan Ming-Da Wang Wan-Yin Wang Chao Li Lan-Qing Yao Hong Zhu Tian Yang |
| author_facet | Ming-Cheng Guan Ming-Da Wang Wan-Yin Wang Chao Li Lan-Qing Yao Hong Zhu Tian Yang |
| author_sort | Ming-Cheng Guan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a typical inflammatory-related cancer, mainly occurs in patients with chronic liver diseases. Moreover, the liver is an immunologically privileged apparatus with multiple immunosuppressive cell groups. The long process of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis turns the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME) into one with strong immunosuppression, facilitating the immune escape of HCC cells. Accumulated data have manifested that tumor-associated cell-derived exosomes carry diverse molecular cargoes (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids) for mediating cell-to-cell communication and are implicated in TME remodeling to promote tumor-infiltrating immune cell reprogramming, ultimately creating a tumor-friendly microenvironment. Characterized by several intrinsic attributes, such as good stability (bilayer-like structure) and high biocompatibility (cell secretion), exosomes can be modified or engineered as nanocarriers to deliver tumor-specific antigens or antitumor drugs to targeted cells or organs, thus effectively triggering the HCC cell elimination by the immune system. This review aimed to highlight the pivotal role of exosomes in regulating immune escape mechanisms in HCC and recent advances in exosome-mediated immunotherapy for HCC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:03:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1076298e3692403c9af3c19f8b2660fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2542-5684 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:03:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Liver Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-1076298e3692403c9af3c19f8b2660fa2022-12-22T03:18:29ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Liver Research2542-56842022-09-0163132138Exosomes as mediators of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinomaMing-Cheng Guan0Ming-Da Wang1Wan-Yin Wang2Chao Li3Lan-Qing Yao4Hong Zhu5Tian Yang6Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaEastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Corresponding author. Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Clinical Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Corresponding author. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a typical inflammatory-related cancer, mainly occurs in patients with chronic liver diseases. Moreover, the liver is an immunologically privileged apparatus with multiple immunosuppressive cell groups. The long process of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis turns the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME) into one with strong immunosuppression, facilitating the immune escape of HCC cells. Accumulated data have manifested that tumor-associated cell-derived exosomes carry diverse molecular cargoes (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids) for mediating cell-to-cell communication and are implicated in TME remodeling to promote tumor-infiltrating immune cell reprogramming, ultimately creating a tumor-friendly microenvironment. Characterized by several intrinsic attributes, such as good stability (bilayer-like structure) and high biocompatibility (cell secretion), exosomes can be modified or engineered as nanocarriers to deliver tumor-specific antigens or antitumor drugs to targeted cells or organs, thus effectively triggering the HCC cell elimination by the immune system. This review aimed to highlight the pivotal role of exosomes in regulating immune escape mechanisms in HCC and recent advances in exosome-mediated immunotherapy for HCC.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254256842200037XHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)ExosomesTumor immune escapeImmunotherapyTumor microenvironment (TME)Tumor immune microenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Ming-Cheng Guan Ming-Da Wang Wan-Yin Wang Chao Li Lan-Qing Yao Hong Zhu Tian Yang Exosomes as mediators of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma Liver Research Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Exosomes Tumor immune escape Immunotherapy Tumor microenvironment (TME) Tumor immune microenvironment |
| title | Exosomes as mediators of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_full | Exosomes as mediators of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_fullStr | Exosomes as mediators of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exosomes as mediators of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_short | Exosomes as mediators of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_sort | exosomes as mediators of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| topic | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Exosomes Tumor immune escape Immunotherapy Tumor microenvironment (TME) Tumor immune microenvironment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254256842200037X |
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