Stimulation of the farnesoid X receptor promotes M2 macrophage polarization
FXR is a key molecule that modulates anti-inflammatory activity in the intestinal-liver axis. Although FXR has pleiotropic functions including regulation of liver inflammation and activation of macrophages, it remains unclear whether it is involved in macrophage polarization. In this paper we demons...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1065790/full |
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| author | Thiranut Jaroonwitchawan Hideki Arimochi Yuki Sasaki Chieko Ishifune Hiroyuki Kondo Kunihiro Otsuka Kunihiro Otsuka Shin-ichi Tsukumo Shin-ichi Tsukumo Koji Yasutomo Koji Yasutomo Koji Yasutomo |
| author_facet | Thiranut Jaroonwitchawan Hideki Arimochi Yuki Sasaki Chieko Ishifune Hiroyuki Kondo Kunihiro Otsuka Kunihiro Otsuka Shin-ichi Tsukumo Shin-ichi Tsukumo Koji Yasutomo Koji Yasutomo Koji Yasutomo |
| author_sort | Thiranut Jaroonwitchawan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | FXR is a key molecule that modulates anti-inflammatory activity in the intestinal-liver axis. Although FXR has pleiotropic functions including regulation of liver inflammation and activation of macrophages, it remains unclear whether it is involved in macrophage polarization. In this paper we demonstrated that stimulation of macrophages derived from the bone marrow using an FXR agonist activated polarization toward M2 but not M1 macrophages. The treatment of mice with chitin skewed macrophage polarization towards M2 macrophages, while co-treatment with an FXR agonist further promoted the polarization toward M2 macrophages in vivo. This skewed polarization towards M2 macrophages by an FXR agonist was accompanied by increased expression of signaling molecules related to the retinoic acid receptor. Inhibition of the retinoic acid receptor suppressed FXR agonist-mediated M2 macrophage polarization, indicating that this polarization was, at least, partly dependent on the retinoic acid receptor pathway. These data demonstrate that FXR has a role in polarization toward M2 macrophages and suggest a possible therapeutic potential of FXR agonists in M2 macrophage-related conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:01:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10d0d4f4f36e4c2a9b4d00cdb554e5d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:01:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-10d0d4f4f36e4c2a9b4d00cdb554e5d32023-01-27T06:00:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-01-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.10657901065790Stimulation of the farnesoid X receptor promotes M2 macrophage polarizationThiranut Jaroonwitchawan0Hideki Arimochi1Yuki Sasaki2Chieko Ishifune3Hiroyuki Kondo4Kunihiro Otsuka5Kunihiro Otsuka6Shin-ichi Tsukumo7Shin-ichi Tsukumo8Koji Yasutomo9Koji Yasutomo10Koji Yasutomo11Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanDepartment of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanThe Research Cluster Program on Immunological Diseases, Tokushima University, Tokushima, JapanFXR is a key molecule that modulates anti-inflammatory activity in the intestinal-liver axis. Although FXR has pleiotropic functions including regulation of liver inflammation and activation of macrophages, it remains unclear whether it is involved in macrophage polarization. In this paper we demonstrated that stimulation of macrophages derived from the bone marrow using an FXR agonist activated polarization toward M2 but not M1 macrophages. The treatment of mice with chitin skewed macrophage polarization towards M2 macrophages, while co-treatment with an FXR agonist further promoted the polarization toward M2 macrophages in vivo. This skewed polarization towards M2 macrophages by an FXR agonist was accompanied by increased expression of signaling molecules related to the retinoic acid receptor. Inhibition of the retinoic acid receptor suppressed FXR agonist-mediated M2 macrophage polarization, indicating that this polarization was, at least, partly dependent on the retinoic acid receptor pathway. These data demonstrate that FXR has a role in polarization toward M2 macrophages and suggest a possible therapeutic potential of FXR agonists in M2 macrophage-related conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1065790/fullfarnesoid X receptormacrophagecell differentiationinflammationtissue repair |
| spellingShingle | Thiranut Jaroonwitchawan Hideki Arimochi Yuki Sasaki Chieko Ishifune Hiroyuki Kondo Kunihiro Otsuka Kunihiro Otsuka Shin-ichi Tsukumo Shin-ichi Tsukumo Koji Yasutomo Koji Yasutomo Koji Yasutomo Stimulation of the farnesoid X receptor promotes M2 macrophage polarization Frontiers in Immunology farnesoid X receptor macrophage cell differentiation inflammation tissue repair |
| title | Stimulation of the farnesoid X receptor promotes M2 macrophage polarization |
| title_full | Stimulation of the farnesoid X receptor promotes M2 macrophage polarization |
| title_fullStr | Stimulation of the farnesoid X receptor promotes M2 macrophage polarization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stimulation of the farnesoid X receptor promotes M2 macrophage polarization |
| title_short | Stimulation of the farnesoid X receptor promotes M2 macrophage polarization |
| title_sort | stimulation of the farnesoid x receptor promotes m2 macrophage polarization |
| topic | farnesoid X receptor macrophage cell differentiation inflammation tissue repair |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1065790/full |
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