The Utility of Pre-Treatment Inflammation Markers as Associative Factors to the Adverse Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer: A Study on Staging, Nodal Involvement, and Metastasis Models
Background: Given the role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, this study investigated the utility of pre-treatment inflammatory markers as associative indicators for advanced-stage disease, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and distant metastasis (DM) in vulvar cancer (VC). Methods: A cross-sectional stu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/1/96 |
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| author | Hariyono Winarto Muhammad Habiburrahman Tricia Dewi Anggraeni Kartiwa Hadi Nuryanto Renny Anggia Julianti Gatot Purwoto Andrijono Andrijono |
| author_facet | Hariyono Winarto Muhammad Habiburrahman Tricia Dewi Anggraeni Kartiwa Hadi Nuryanto Renny Anggia Julianti Gatot Purwoto Andrijono Andrijono |
| author_sort | Hariyono Winarto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Given the role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, this study investigated the utility of pre-treatment inflammatory markers as associative indicators for advanced-stage disease, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and distant metastasis (DM) in vulvar cancer (VC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 women with VC in a single centre in Jakarta, Indonesia. The laboratory data was based on C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and fourteen derived, recorded and calculated ratios: leukocyte-to-platelet (LPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (dNLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte (NMR), platelet-to-monocyte (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR), basophil-to-monocyte (BLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), body mass index, albumin, and NLR (BAN) score, haemoglobin-to-platelet (HPR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), CRP-to-albumin, and CRP-to-procalcitonin. The optimal cut-off for each marker was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and their diagnostic indicator performances were assessed. The utility of these ratios as associative factors for three endpoints was further evaluated in multivariate regression models. Results: Investigated inflammatory markers exhibited specific performances for individual adverse outcomes, proving a fair to excellent ability in case finding and screening. After adjustment, the BAN score ≤ 334.89 (OR 9.20, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and ESR ≥ 104 (OR 4.18, <i>p</i> = 0.048) become two advanced-stage associative factors with AUC: 0.769. LNM was solely determined by higher NLR ≥ 2.83 (OR 4.15, <i>p</i> = 0.014) with AUC: 0.615. Meanwhile, BLR ≥ 0.035 (OR 5.67, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and ESR ≥ 84 (OR 6.01, <i>p</i> = 0.003) were contributing factors for DM, with AUC: 0.765. Conclusions: Inflammatory markers are crucial for identifying the deleterious outcomes of VC. Accordingly, yielded models require external validation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:56:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11f3372a59754e54a915f5b10a1c096e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:56:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-11f3372a59754e54a915f5b10a1c096e2023-11-16T15:41:20ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-12-011219610.3390/jcm12010096The Utility of Pre-Treatment Inflammation Markers as Associative Factors to the Adverse Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer: A Study on Staging, Nodal Involvement, and Metastasis ModelsHariyono Winarto0Muhammad Habiburrahman1Tricia Dewi Anggraeni2Kartiwa Hadi Nuryanto3Renny Anggia Julianti4Gatot Purwoto5Andrijono Andrijono6Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaBackground: Given the role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, this study investigated the utility of pre-treatment inflammatory markers as associative indicators for advanced-stage disease, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and distant metastasis (DM) in vulvar cancer (VC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 women with VC in a single centre in Jakarta, Indonesia. The laboratory data was based on C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and fourteen derived, recorded and calculated ratios: leukocyte-to-platelet (LPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (dNLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte (NMR), platelet-to-monocyte (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR), basophil-to-monocyte (BLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), body mass index, albumin, and NLR (BAN) score, haemoglobin-to-platelet (HPR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), CRP-to-albumin, and CRP-to-procalcitonin. The optimal cut-off for each marker was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and their diagnostic indicator performances were assessed. The utility of these ratios as associative factors for three endpoints was further evaluated in multivariate regression models. Results: Investigated inflammatory markers exhibited specific performances for individual adverse outcomes, proving a fair to excellent ability in case finding and screening. After adjustment, the BAN score ≤ 334.89 (OR 9.20, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and ESR ≥ 104 (OR 4.18, <i>p</i> = 0.048) become two advanced-stage associative factors with AUC: 0.769. LNM was solely determined by higher NLR ≥ 2.83 (OR 4.15, <i>p</i> = 0.014) with AUC: 0.615. Meanwhile, BLR ≥ 0.035 (OR 5.67, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and ESR ≥ 84 (OR 6.01, <i>p</i> = 0.003) were contributing factors for DM, with AUC: 0.765. Conclusions: Inflammatory markers are crucial for identifying the deleterious outcomes of VC. Accordingly, yielded models require external validation.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/1/96advanced stagebasophil-to-monocytebody-mass-indexalbumincomplete blood countderived ratios |
| spellingShingle | Hariyono Winarto Muhammad Habiburrahman Tricia Dewi Anggraeni Kartiwa Hadi Nuryanto Renny Anggia Julianti Gatot Purwoto Andrijono Andrijono The Utility of Pre-Treatment Inflammation Markers as Associative Factors to the Adverse Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer: A Study on Staging, Nodal Involvement, and Metastasis Models Journal of Clinical Medicine advanced stage basophil-to-monocyte body-mass-index albumin complete blood count derived ratios |
| title | The Utility of Pre-Treatment Inflammation Markers as Associative Factors to the Adverse Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer: A Study on Staging, Nodal Involvement, and Metastasis Models |
| title_full | The Utility of Pre-Treatment Inflammation Markers as Associative Factors to the Adverse Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer: A Study on Staging, Nodal Involvement, and Metastasis Models |
| title_fullStr | The Utility of Pre-Treatment Inflammation Markers as Associative Factors to the Adverse Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer: A Study on Staging, Nodal Involvement, and Metastasis Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Utility of Pre-Treatment Inflammation Markers as Associative Factors to the Adverse Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer: A Study on Staging, Nodal Involvement, and Metastasis Models |
| title_short | The Utility of Pre-Treatment Inflammation Markers as Associative Factors to the Adverse Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer: A Study on Staging, Nodal Involvement, and Metastasis Models |
| title_sort | utility of pre treatment inflammation markers as associative factors to the adverse outcomes of vulvar cancer a study on staging nodal involvement and metastasis models |
| topic | advanced stage basophil-to-monocyte body-mass-index albumin complete blood count derived ratios |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/1/96 |
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