Strontium Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Isolated Primary Bovine Chondrocytes via the TGFβ/SMAD Pathway
The present study evaluated the effects of strontium (Sr) on proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes isolated from dairy cows, and whether Sr exerts its effects via transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling. The chondrocytes were isolated from patellar cartilage from newborn Holstein b...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.925302/full |
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| author | Siqi Liu Bingyu Shen Juan J. Loor Qianming Jiang Yang Yuan Yezi Kong Panpan Tan Fangyuan Zeng Chenxu Zhao Xiaoyan Zhu Jianguo Wang |
| author_facet | Siqi Liu Bingyu Shen Juan J. Loor Qianming Jiang Yang Yuan Yezi Kong Panpan Tan Fangyuan Zeng Chenxu Zhao Xiaoyan Zhu Jianguo Wang |
| author_sort | Siqi Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study evaluated the effects of strontium (Sr) on proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes isolated from dairy cows, and whether Sr exerts its effects via transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling. The chondrocytes were isolated from patellar cartilage from newborn Holstein bull calves (n = 3, 1 day old, 38.0 ± 2.8 kg, fasting) within 15 min after euthanasia, and treated with different concentrations of Sr (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/ml, as SrCl2·6H2O). After pretreatment with or without activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitor (10 μM SB-505124) for 4 h, chondrocytes were incubated with Sr for another 4 h. Overall effects of Sr were evaluated relative to NaCl as the control. In contrast, the 1 μg/ml Sr-treated group served as the control to determine effects of preincubating with SB-505124. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used for measuring expression of proliferation-, differentiation-, and TGFβ1-responsive factors. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in GraphPad Prism 7.0. Incubation with all doses of Sr increased TGFβ1/ALK5-induced SMAD3 phosphorylation, and at 10 μg/ml it inhibited ALK1-induced SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation. Expression of mRNA and protein of the proliferation-responsive factors type Ⅱ Collagen α1 (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN) was induced by Sr at 1 μg/ml. In contrast, Sr at 10 μg/ml inhibited the expression of differentiation-responsive factors type Ⅹ Collagen α1 (COL10A1) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and at 1 μg/ml it had the same effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) mRNA and protein levels. Cells were stained with PI/RNase Staining buffer to assess cell cycle activity using flow-cytometry. Incubation with Sr at 1 and 10 μg/ml induced an increase in the number of cells in the S-phase, leading to an increase in the proliferation index. Incubation with SB-505124 inhibited phosphorylation of SMAD3. Abundance of ACAN and COL2A1 mRNA and protein was lower when cells were pre-incubated with SB-505124. Overall, data indicated that Sr promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of primary chondrocytes by directing TGFβ1 signaling towards SMAD3 phosphorylation rather than SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation. Whether these effects occur in vivo remains to be determined and could impact future application of Sr as an experimental tool in livestock. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:20:43Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:20:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-125afa5a3ca649de9a1959cab10e6d3b2022-12-22T03:35:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122022-05-011310.3389/fphar.2022.925302925302Strontium Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Isolated Primary Bovine Chondrocytes via the TGFβ/SMAD PathwaySiqi Liu0Bingyu Shen1Juan J. Loor2Qianming Jiang3Yang Yuan4Yezi Kong5Panpan Tan6Fangyuan Zeng7Chenxu Zhao8Xiaoyan Zhu9Jianguo Wang10College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, ChinaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United StatesDepartment of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United StatesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, ChinaThe present study evaluated the effects of strontium (Sr) on proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes isolated from dairy cows, and whether Sr exerts its effects via transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling. The chondrocytes were isolated from patellar cartilage from newborn Holstein bull calves (n = 3, 1 day old, 38.0 ± 2.8 kg, fasting) within 15 min after euthanasia, and treated with different concentrations of Sr (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/ml, as SrCl2·6H2O). After pretreatment with or without activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitor (10 μM SB-505124) for 4 h, chondrocytes were incubated with Sr for another 4 h. Overall effects of Sr were evaluated relative to NaCl as the control. In contrast, the 1 μg/ml Sr-treated group served as the control to determine effects of preincubating with SB-505124. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used for measuring expression of proliferation-, differentiation-, and TGFβ1-responsive factors. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in GraphPad Prism 7.0. Incubation with all doses of Sr increased TGFβ1/ALK5-induced SMAD3 phosphorylation, and at 10 μg/ml it inhibited ALK1-induced SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation. Expression of mRNA and protein of the proliferation-responsive factors type Ⅱ Collagen α1 (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN) was induced by Sr at 1 μg/ml. In contrast, Sr at 10 μg/ml inhibited the expression of differentiation-responsive factors type Ⅹ Collagen α1 (COL10A1) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and at 1 μg/ml it had the same effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) mRNA and protein levels. Cells were stained with PI/RNase Staining buffer to assess cell cycle activity using flow-cytometry. Incubation with Sr at 1 and 10 μg/ml induced an increase in the number of cells in the S-phase, leading to an increase in the proliferation index. Incubation with SB-505124 inhibited phosphorylation of SMAD3. Abundance of ACAN and COL2A1 mRNA and protein was lower when cells were pre-incubated with SB-505124. Overall, data indicated that Sr promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of primary chondrocytes by directing TGFβ1 signaling towards SMAD3 phosphorylation rather than SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation. Whether these effects occur in vivo remains to be determined and could impact future application of Sr as an experimental tool in livestock.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.925302/fullstrontiumbovine chondrocyteproliferation and differentiationTGFβSmad3 |
| spellingShingle | Siqi Liu Bingyu Shen Juan J. Loor Qianming Jiang Yang Yuan Yezi Kong Panpan Tan Fangyuan Zeng Chenxu Zhao Xiaoyan Zhu Jianguo Wang Strontium Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Isolated Primary Bovine Chondrocytes via the TGFβ/SMAD Pathway Frontiers in Pharmacology strontium bovine chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation TGFβ Smad3 |
| title | Strontium Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Isolated Primary Bovine Chondrocytes via the TGFβ/SMAD Pathway |
| title_full | Strontium Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Isolated Primary Bovine Chondrocytes via the TGFβ/SMAD Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Strontium Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Isolated Primary Bovine Chondrocytes via the TGFβ/SMAD Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strontium Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Isolated Primary Bovine Chondrocytes via the TGFβ/SMAD Pathway |
| title_short | Strontium Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Isolated Primary Bovine Chondrocytes via the TGFβ/SMAD Pathway |
| title_sort | strontium regulates the proliferation and differentiation of isolated primary bovine chondrocytes via the tgfβ smad pathway |
| topic | strontium bovine chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation TGFβ Smad3 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.925302/full |
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