Behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse: a potential model of acute dependence
Abstract Background Clinical and preclinical research have demonstrated that short-term exposure to nicotine during the initial experimentation stage can lead to early manifestation of withdrawal-like signs, indicating the state of “acute dependence”. As drug withdrawal is a major factor driving the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Behavioral and Brain Functions |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00227-0 |
| _version_ | 1827382044182708224 |
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| author | Baeksun Kim Heh-In Im |
| author_facet | Baeksun Kim Heh-In Im |
| author_sort | Baeksun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Clinical and preclinical research have demonstrated that short-term exposure to nicotine during the initial experimentation stage can lead to early manifestation of withdrawal-like signs, indicating the state of “acute dependence”. As drug withdrawal is a major factor driving the progression toward regular drug intake, characterizing and understanding the features of early nicotine withdrawal may be important for the prevention and treatment of drug addiction. In this study, we corroborate the previous studies by showing that withdrawal-like signs can be precipitated after short-term nicotine exposure in mice, providing a potential animal model of acute dependence on nicotine. Results To model nicotine exposure from light tobacco use during the initial experimentation stage, mice were treated with 0.5 mg/kg (-)-nicotine ditartrate once daily for 3 days. On the following day, the behavioral tests were conducted after implementing spontaneous or mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal. In the open field test, precipitated nicotine withdrawal reduced locomotor activity and time spent in the center zone. In the elevated plus maze test, the mecamylamine challenge increased the time spent in the closed arm and reduced the number of entries irrespective of nicotine experience. In the examination of the somatic aspect, precipitated nicotine withdrawal enhanced the number of somatic signs. Finally, nicotine withdrawal did not affect cognitive functioning or social behavior in the passive avoidance, spatial object recognition, or social interaction test. Conclusions Collectively, our data demonstrate that early nicotine withdrawal-like signs could be precipitated by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine in mice, and that early withdrawal from nicotine primarily causes physical symptoms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:13:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-128aa9af69a64786a161a7ca03bf9423 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1744-9081 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:13:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Behavioral and Brain Functions |
| spelling | doaj.art-128aa9af69a64786a161a7ca03bf94232024-01-14T12:30:35ZengBMCBehavioral and Brain Functions1744-90812024-01-0120111210.1186/s12993-024-00227-0Behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse: a potential model of acute dependenceBaeksun Kim0Heh-In Im1Center for Brain Function, Brain Science Institute (BSI), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Center for Brain Function, Brain Science Institute (BSI), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Abstract Background Clinical and preclinical research have demonstrated that short-term exposure to nicotine during the initial experimentation stage can lead to early manifestation of withdrawal-like signs, indicating the state of “acute dependence”. As drug withdrawal is a major factor driving the progression toward regular drug intake, characterizing and understanding the features of early nicotine withdrawal may be important for the prevention and treatment of drug addiction. In this study, we corroborate the previous studies by showing that withdrawal-like signs can be precipitated after short-term nicotine exposure in mice, providing a potential animal model of acute dependence on nicotine. Results To model nicotine exposure from light tobacco use during the initial experimentation stage, mice were treated with 0.5 mg/kg (-)-nicotine ditartrate once daily for 3 days. On the following day, the behavioral tests were conducted after implementing spontaneous or mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal. In the open field test, precipitated nicotine withdrawal reduced locomotor activity and time spent in the center zone. In the elevated plus maze test, the mecamylamine challenge increased the time spent in the closed arm and reduced the number of entries irrespective of nicotine experience. In the examination of the somatic aspect, precipitated nicotine withdrawal enhanced the number of somatic signs. Finally, nicotine withdrawal did not affect cognitive functioning or social behavior in the passive avoidance, spatial object recognition, or social interaction test. Conclusions Collectively, our data demonstrate that early nicotine withdrawal-like signs could be precipitated by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine in mice, and that early withdrawal from nicotine primarily causes physical symptoms.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00227-0NicotineWithdrawalAcute dependenceMouseBehaviorSomatic signs |
| spellingShingle | Baeksun Kim Heh-In Im Behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse: a potential model of acute dependence Behavioral and Brain Functions Nicotine Withdrawal Acute dependence Mouse Behavior Somatic signs |
| title | Behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse: a potential model of acute dependence |
| title_full | Behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse: a potential model of acute dependence |
| title_fullStr | Behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse: a potential model of acute dependence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse: a potential model of acute dependence |
| title_short | Behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse: a potential model of acute dependence |
| title_sort | behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse a potential model of acute dependence |
| topic | Nicotine Withdrawal Acute dependence Mouse Behavior Somatic signs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-024-00227-0 |
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