NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System
The NF-κB (nuclear factor K-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor family is critical for modulating the immune proinflammatory response throughout the body. During the resting state, inactive NF-κB is sequestered by IκB in the cytoplasm. The proteasomal degradation of IκB a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/6/485 |
| _version_ | 1797241633083752448 |
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| author | Sudha Anilkumar Elizabeth Wright-Jin |
| author_facet | Sudha Anilkumar Elizabeth Wright-Jin |
| author_sort | Sudha Anilkumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The NF-κB (nuclear factor K-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor family is critical for modulating the immune proinflammatory response throughout the body. During the resting state, inactive NF-κB is sequestered by IκB in the cytoplasm. The proteasomal degradation of IκB activates NF-κB, mediating its translocation into the nucleus to act as a nuclear transcription factor in the upregulation of proinflammatory genes. Stimuli that initiate NF-κB activation are diverse but are canonically attributed to proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Downstream effects of NF-κB are cell type-specific and, in the majority of cases, result in the activation of pro-inflammatory cascades. Acting as the primary immune responders of the central nervous system, microglia exhibit upregulation of NF-κB upon activation in response to pathological conditions. Under such circumstances, microglial crosstalk with other cell types in the central nervous system can induce cell death, further exacerbating the disease pathology. In this review, we will emphasize the role of NF-κB in triggering neuroinflammation mediated by microglia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:26:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1339b333c79b48ea81c996dc611e7bcd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:26:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-1339b333c79b48ea81c996dc611e7bcd2024-03-27T13:30:32ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-03-0113648510.3390/cells13060485NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous SystemSudha Anilkumar0Elizabeth Wright-Jin1Neonatal Brain Injury Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USANeonatal Brain Injury Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USAThe NF-κB (nuclear factor K-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor family is critical for modulating the immune proinflammatory response throughout the body. During the resting state, inactive NF-κB is sequestered by IκB in the cytoplasm. The proteasomal degradation of IκB activates NF-κB, mediating its translocation into the nucleus to act as a nuclear transcription factor in the upregulation of proinflammatory genes. Stimuli that initiate NF-κB activation are diverse but are canonically attributed to proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Downstream effects of NF-κB are cell type-specific and, in the majority of cases, result in the activation of pro-inflammatory cascades. Acting as the primary immune responders of the central nervous system, microglia exhibit upregulation of NF-κB upon activation in response to pathological conditions. Under such circumstances, microglial crosstalk with other cell types in the central nervous system can induce cell death, further exacerbating the disease pathology. In this review, we will emphasize the role of NF-κB in triggering neuroinflammation mediated by microglia.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/6/485NF-κBinflammationmicroglia |
| spellingShingle | Sudha Anilkumar Elizabeth Wright-Jin NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System Cells NF-κB inflammation microglia |
| title | NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System |
| title_full | NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System |
| title_fullStr | NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System |
| title_full_unstemmed | NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System |
| title_short | NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System |
| title_sort | nf κb as an inducible regulator of inflammation in the central nervous system |
| topic | NF-κB inflammation microglia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/6/485 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sudhaanilkumar nfkbasaninducibleregulatorofinflammationinthecentralnervoussystem AT elizabethwrightjin nfkbasaninducibleregulatorofinflammationinthecentralnervoussystem |