Advances in the Clinical Diagnostics to Equine Back Pain: A Review of Imaging and Functional Modalities
Back pain is common in ridden horses. Back diseases in horses include Impinging Dorsal Spinous Processes, Ventral Spondylosis, Osteoarthritis of Articular Process, Intervertebral Discs Disease, Vertebral Fractures, Conformational Abnormalities, Desmopathy of the Supraspinous Ligament, Desmopathy of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/698 |
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| author | Natalia Domańska-Kruppa Małgorzata Wierzbicka Elżbieta Stefanik |
| author_facet | Natalia Domańska-Kruppa Małgorzata Wierzbicka Elżbieta Stefanik |
| author_sort | Natalia Domańska-Kruppa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Back pain is common in ridden horses. Back diseases in horses include Impinging Dorsal Spinous Processes, Ventral Spondylosis, Osteoarthritis of Articular Process, Intervertebral Discs Disease, Vertebral Fractures, Conformational Abnormalities, Desmopathy of the Supraspinous Ligament, Desmopathy of the Intraspinous Ligament, and Longissimus Muscle Strain. Back pain may also develop as a result of lameness (particularly hindlimb lameness). A poorly fitting saddle and an unbalanced rider are also considered important factors influencing the development of back pain in horses. The conventional diagnosis of equine back pain includes a clinical examination and diagnostic imaging examination using ultrasound, radiography, and thermography. Advanced diagnostic modalities of equine back pain involve the objectification of standard procedures through the use of algometers, a lameness locator, biometric mats, and the geometric morphometrics method. In addition to modern diagnostic methods, such as computed tomography and scintigraphy, advances in the diagnosis of equine back pain include the use of electromyography and functional electrical stimulation. The aim of this review article is to familiarize clinicians with the usefulness and capabilities of conventional diagnostic protocols and advanced diagnostic modalities. Although orthopedic examination and traditional diagnostic methods will remain the foundation of the diagnosis of back diseases, modern methods meet the growing expectations towards high-performance horses and allow for deeper diagnostics and objective monitoring of rehabilitation and training progress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:36:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-133f89563180424489a3225ff57d413c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:36:09Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-133f89563180424489a3225ff57d413c2024-03-12T16:37:55ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-02-0114569810.3390/ani14050698Advances in the Clinical Diagnostics to Equine Back Pain: A Review of Imaging and Functional ModalitiesNatalia Domańska-Kruppa0Małgorzata Wierzbicka1Elżbieta Stefanik2Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandBack pain is common in ridden horses. Back diseases in horses include Impinging Dorsal Spinous Processes, Ventral Spondylosis, Osteoarthritis of Articular Process, Intervertebral Discs Disease, Vertebral Fractures, Conformational Abnormalities, Desmopathy of the Supraspinous Ligament, Desmopathy of the Intraspinous Ligament, and Longissimus Muscle Strain. Back pain may also develop as a result of lameness (particularly hindlimb lameness). A poorly fitting saddle and an unbalanced rider are also considered important factors influencing the development of back pain in horses. The conventional diagnosis of equine back pain includes a clinical examination and diagnostic imaging examination using ultrasound, radiography, and thermography. Advanced diagnostic modalities of equine back pain involve the objectification of standard procedures through the use of algometers, a lameness locator, biometric mats, and the geometric morphometrics method. In addition to modern diagnostic methods, such as computed tomography and scintigraphy, advances in the diagnosis of equine back pain include the use of electromyography and functional electrical stimulation. The aim of this review article is to familiarize clinicians with the usefulness and capabilities of conventional diagnostic protocols and advanced diagnostic modalities. Although orthopedic examination and traditional diagnostic methods will remain the foundation of the diagnosis of back diseases, modern methods meet the growing expectations towards high-performance horses and allow for deeper diagnostics and objective monitoring of rehabilitation and training progress.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/698back painchronic painhorseEMGFES |
| spellingShingle | Natalia Domańska-Kruppa Małgorzata Wierzbicka Elżbieta Stefanik Advances in the Clinical Diagnostics to Equine Back Pain: A Review of Imaging and Functional Modalities Animals back pain chronic pain horse EMG FES |
| title | Advances in the Clinical Diagnostics to Equine Back Pain: A Review of Imaging and Functional Modalities |
| title_full | Advances in the Clinical Diagnostics to Equine Back Pain: A Review of Imaging and Functional Modalities |
| title_fullStr | Advances in the Clinical Diagnostics to Equine Back Pain: A Review of Imaging and Functional Modalities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in the Clinical Diagnostics to Equine Back Pain: A Review of Imaging and Functional Modalities |
| title_short | Advances in the Clinical Diagnostics to Equine Back Pain: A Review of Imaging and Functional Modalities |
| title_sort | advances in the clinical diagnostics to equine back pain a review of imaging and functional modalities |
| topic | back pain chronic pain horse EMG FES |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/698 |
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