Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis of Two Novel SARS-CoV-2 Entry Associated Proteases CTSB and CTSL in Healthy Individuals and Cancer Patients
More than 200 million people have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 4 million deaths have been reported worldwide to date. Cathepsin B/cathepsin L (CTSB/L) are SARS-CoV-2 entry–associated proteases and facilitate SARS-CoV-2 to infect host cells. Howe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.780751/full |
| _version_ | 1818333143024795648 |
|---|---|
| author | Yongbiao Huang Shiyu Li Shanshan Huang Jingyao Tu Xinyi Chen Lingyan Xiao Bo Liu Xianglin Yuan |
| author_facet | Yongbiao Huang Shiyu Li Shanshan Huang Jingyao Tu Xinyi Chen Lingyan Xiao Bo Liu Xianglin Yuan |
| author_sort | Yongbiao Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | More than 200 million people have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 4 million deaths have been reported worldwide to date. Cathepsin B/cathepsin L (CTSB/L) are SARS-CoV-2 entry–associated proteases and facilitate SARS-CoV-2 to infect host cells. However, the expressions of CTSB/L in healthy individuals and cancer patients remain not fully elucidated yet. Here, we comprehensively profiled the expressions and distributions of CTSB/L in human normal tissues, cancer tissues, and cell lines. Moreover, we compared CTSB/L expressions between various cancers and matched normal tissues, and investigated their genetic alteration and prognostic values in pan-cancer. Finally, we also explored the correlation between CTSB/L expressions and immune infiltration. We found that CTSB was highly expressed in most tissues, and CTSL was highly expressed predominantly in the digestive, urinary, and respiratory systems, such as the lungs, liver and gallbladder, and kidney tissues in the translational level. Moreover, cancer patients may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data suggested that CTSB/L are overexpressed in aerodigestive and genitourinary cancers when compared with that in matched normal tissues, and their expressions were closely related to the prognosis of some cancer types. Interestingly, CTSB/L expressions were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration in manifold cancer tissues and their corresponding normal tissues. In conclusion, our study shows a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of two important SARS-CoV-2 entry–related proteases, which could provide a potential indication on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:46:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-13af7cd590bc4704ad2716d2b1d5e836 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:46:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-13af7cd590bc4704ad2716d2b1d5e8362022-12-21T23:43:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852022-01-011010.3389/fbioe.2022.780751780751Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis of Two Novel SARS-CoV-2 Entry Associated Proteases CTSB and CTSL in Healthy Individuals and Cancer PatientsYongbiao HuangShiyu LiShanshan HuangJingyao TuXinyi ChenLingyan XiaoBo LiuXianglin YuanMore than 200 million people have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 4 million deaths have been reported worldwide to date. Cathepsin B/cathepsin L (CTSB/L) are SARS-CoV-2 entry–associated proteases and facilitate SARS-CoV-2 to infect host cells. However, the expressions of CTSB/L in healthy individuals and cancer patients remain not fully elucidated yet. Here, we comprehensively profiled the expressions and distributions of CTSB/L in human normal tissues, cancer tissues, and cell lines. Moreover, we compared CTSB/L expressions between various cancers and matched normal tissues, and investigated their genetic alteration and prognostic values in pan-cancer. Finally, we also explored the correlation between CTSB/L expressions and immune infiltration. We found that CTSB was highly expressed in most tissues, and CTSL was highly expressed predominantly in the digestive, urinary, and respiratory systems, such as the lungs, liver and gallbladder, and kidney tissues in the translational level. Moreover, cancer patients may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data suggested that CTSB/L are overexpressed in aerodigestive and genitourinary cancers when compared with that in matched normal tissues, and their expressions were closely related to the prognosis of some cancer types. Interestingly, CTSB/L expressions were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration in manifold cancer tissues and their corresponding normal tissues. In conclusion, our study shows a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of two important SARS-CoV-2 entry–related proteases, which could provide a potential indication on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.780751/fullSARS-CoV-2CTSBCTSLcancerimmune infiltration |
| spellingShingle | Yongbiao Huang Shiyu Li Shanshan Huang Jingyao Tu Xinyi Chen Lingyan Xiao Bo Liu Xianglin Yuan Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis of Two Novel SARS-CoV-2 Entry Associated Proteases CTSB and CTSL in Healthy Individuals and Cancer Patients Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology SARS-CoV-2 CTSB CTSL cancer immune infiltration |
| title | Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis of Two Novel SARS-CoV-2 Entry Associated Proteases CTSB and CTSL in Healthy Individuals and Cancer Patients |
| title_full | Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis of Two Novel SARS-CoV-2 Entry Associated Proteases CTSB and CTSL in Healthy Individuals and Cancer Patients |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis of Two Novel SARS-CoV-2 Entry Associated Proteases CTSB and CTSL in Healthy Individuals and Cancer Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis of Two Novel SARS-CoV-2 Entry Associated Proteases CTSB and CTSL in Healthy Individuals and Cancer Patients |
| title_short | Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis of Two Novel SARS-CoV-2 Entry Associated Proteases CTSB and CTSL in Healthy Individuals and Cancer Patients |
| title_sort | comprehensive and integrative analysis of two novel sars cov 2 entry associated proteases ctsb and ctsl in healthy individuals and cancer patients |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 CTSB CTSL cancer immune infiltration |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.780751/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yongbiaohuang comprehensiveandintegrativeanalysisoftwonovelsarscov2entryassociatedproteasesctsbandctslinhealthyindividualsandcancerpatients AT shiyuli comprehensiveandintegrativeanalysisoftwonovelsarscov2entryassociatedproteasesctsbandctslinhealthyindividualsandcancerpatients AT shanshanhuang comprehensiveandintegrativeanalysisoftwonovelsarscov2entryassociatedproteasesctsbandctslinhealthyindividualsandcancerpatients AT jingyaotu comprehensiveandintegrativeanalysisoftwonovelsarscov2entryassociatedproteasesctsbandctslinhealthyindividualsandcancerpatients AT xinyichen comprehensiveandintegrativeanalysisoftwonovelsarscov2entryassociatedproteasesctsbandctslinhealthyindividualsandcancerpatients AT lingyanxiao comprehensiveandintegrativeanalysisoftwonovelsarscov2entryassociatedproteasesctsbandctslinhealthyindividualsandcancerpatients AT boliu comprehensiveandintegrativeanalysisoftwonovelsarscov2entryassociatedproteasesctsbandctslinhealthyindividualsandcancerpatients AT xianglinyuan comprehensiveandintegrativeanalysisoftwonovelsarscov2entryassociatedproteasesctsbandctslinhealthyindividualsandcancerpatients |