Radiographic determination of the tracheal indices at caudal cervical, thoracic-inlet, and intra-thoracic trachea in non-bulldog brachycephalic breeds without evidence of cardiorespiratory disease

Abstract Background Congenital tracheal hypoplasia is a component of airway syndrome affecting a wide variety of brachycephalic dog breeds. Several radiographic procedures were utilized to assess vertical tracheal diameter (VTD) in dogs. The objective of this study was to calculate the tracheal indi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ayman A. Mostafa, Clifford R. Berry
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2023-10-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03730-0