Periodized Aerobic Training between Thresholds Improves Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Octogenarians
Background and Aims: The worldwide aging population is expanding, with more individuals living into their 80s. Physiological functions decline gradually with age, compounded by sedentary lifestyles. Incorporating physical activity into daily routine is crucial for maintaining independence. This stud...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Sports |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/11/11/219 |
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| author | Cristian Cofre-Bolados Félix Vidal Héctor Gutiérrez Espinoza Ignacio Betancourt-Peters Pedro A. Orihuela Mikel Izquierdo |
| author_facet | Cristian Cofre-Bolados Félix Vidal Héctor Gutiérrez Espinoza Ignacio Betancourt-Peters Pedro A. Orihuela Mikel Izquierdo |
| author_sort | Cristian Cofre-Bolados |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aims: The worldwide aging population is expanding, with more individuals living into their 80s. Physiological functions decline gradually with age, compounded by sedentary lifestyles. Incorporating physical activity into daily routine is crucial for maintaining independence. This study aimed to assess a periodized high-intensity aerobic training program (PEZO-BT) in octogenarians, focusing on submaximal ergospirometry effects. Methods: A total of 48 non-frail octogenarian subjects (12 females, 36 males) were randomized into control and intervention groups. All subjects underwent submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas analysis at baseline, stopping after the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Our intervention group completed a 14-week PEZO-BT aerobic training program. The outcomes were oxygen consumption at first ventilatory threshold (VO<sub>2</sub>AT), ventilatory efficiency slope (VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP), oxygen pulse change (ΔVO<sub>2</sub>/HR) from anaerobic threshold (AT) to respiratory compensation point (RCP), and power output at anaerobic threshold (POAT). Results: Mixed ANOVA examined time and treatment effects. If significance emerged, post hoc t-tests were used to compare significances between groups. The homogeneity of variance was assessed using Levene’s test. Chi-square tests compared ergospirometry criteria and ventilatory performance within groups. The mean differences at post intervention were significant in VO<sub>2</sub>AT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.001), ΔVO<sub>2</sub>/HR (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and POAT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while OUES and COP were not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, clinical effects were observed in the entire intervention group. Conclusions: Training improved exercise capacity and workload. Overall, this periodic aerobic and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program yielded significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in previously untrained octogenarians with and without comorbidities. The findings suggest implications for promoting long-term healthy aging. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:27:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1503dc23cc9546829ea31ad56282b5d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:27:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj.art-1503dc23cc9546829ea31ad56282b5d42023-11-24T15:06:36ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632023-11-01111121910.3390/sports11110219Periodized Aerobic Training between Thresholds Improves Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Parameters in OctogenariansCristian Cofre-Bolados0Félix Vidal1Héctor Gutiérrez Espinoza2Ignacio Betancourt-Peters3Pedro A. Orihuela4Mikel Izquierdo5Laboratory of Sciences of Physical Activity, Sport and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileNavarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainEscuela de Fisioterapia, Universidad de las Americas, Quito 170504, EcuadorDepartamento de Ciencias Exactas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Tres Pascualas, Concepción 4081339, ChileLaboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, ChileNavarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainBackground and Aims: The worldwide aging population is expanding, with more individuals living into their 80s. Physiological functions decline gradually with age, compounded by sedentary lifestyles. Incorporating physical activity into daily routine is crucial for maintaining independence. This study aimed to assess a periodized high-intensity aerobic training program (PEZO-BT) in octogenarians, focusing on submaximal ergospirometry effects. Methods: A total of 48 non-frail octogenarian subjects (12 females, 36 males) were randomized into control and intervention groups. All subjects underwent submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas analysis at baseline, stopping after the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Our intervention group completed a 14-week PEZO-BT aerobic training program. The outcomes were oxygen consumption at first ventilatory threshold (VO<sub>2</sub>AT), ventilatory efficiency slope (VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP), oxygen pulse change (ΔVO<sub>2</sub>/HR) from anaerobic threshold (AT) to respiratory compensation point (RCP), and power output at anaerobic threshold (POAT). Results: Mixed ANOVA examined time and treatment effects. If significance emerged, post hoc t-tests were used to compare significances between groups. The homogeneity of variance was assessed using Levene’s test. Chi-square tests compared ergospirometry criteria and ventilatory performance within groups. The mean differences at post intervention were significant in VO<sub>2</sub>AT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.001), ΔVO<sub>2</sub>/HR (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and POAT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while OUES and COP were not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, clinical effects were observed in the entire intervention group. Conclusions: Training improved exercise capacity and workload. Overall, this periodic aerobic and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program yielded significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in previously untrained octogenarians with and without comorbidities. The findings suggest implications for promoting long-term healthy aging.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/11/11/219older adultsoctogenariansHIITcardiorespiratory riskergometryaerobic training |
| spellingShingle | Cristian Cofre-Bolados Félix Vidal Héctor Gutiérrez Espinoza Ignacio Betancourt-Peters Pedro A. Orihuela Mikel Izquierdo Periodized Aerobic Training between Thresholds Improves Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Octogenarians Sports older adults octogenarians HIIT cardiorespiratory risk ergometry aerobic training |
| title | Periodized Aerobic Training between Thresholds Improves Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Octogenarians |
| title_full | Periodized Aerobic Training between Thresholds Improves Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Octogenarians |
| title_fullStr | Periodized Aerobic Training between Thresholds Improves Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Octogenarians |
| title_full_unstemmed | Periodized Aerobic Training between Thresholds Improves Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Octogenarians |
| title_short | Periodized Aerobic Training between Thresholds Improves Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Octogenarians |
| title_sort | periodized aerobic training between thresholds improves submaximal cardiorespiratory parameters in octogenarians |
| topic | older adults octogenarians HIIT cardiorespiratory risk ergometry aerobic training |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/11/11/219 |
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