Seasonal change of flower sex ratio and pollinator dynamics in three reproductive ecotypes of protandrous plant

Abstract Cimicifuga simplex has three genetically and ecologically distinct pollination morphs with different flowering phenology, flower sex expressions, and selfing rates. A previous study showed that strong protandry in hermaphroditic flowers of C. simplex causes there to be seasonal minority sex...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tsubasa Toji, Natsumi Ishimoto, Takao Itino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-09-01
Series:Ecosphere
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3251