Cooling spray or lidocaine spray and needle insertion pain in hemodialysis patients: an open-label cross-over randomized clinical trial
Abstract Background The needle insertion pain to perform hemodialysis is the main challenge and a common problem that requires pain management techniques for patients’ comfort. Aim This study aimed to compare the effects of cooling and lidocaine sprays on needle insertion pain in hemodialysis patien...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2023-03-01
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Series: | BMC Anesthesiology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02028-w |