Optimized Extraction, Identification and Anti-Biofilm Action of Wu Wei Zi (<i>Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis</i>) Extracts against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>
The pathogenicity of foodborne <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is a major concern for global public health. This study aimed to optimize the liquid–solid extraction of Wu Wei Zi extracts (WWZE) against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, identify its main components, and investiga...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2268 |
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| author | Zongyi Zhang Yanan Zhao Jing Cai Tong Wang Yujie Song Jingyi Lu Hairuo Du Wenfang Wang Yan Zhao Lei Guo |
| author_facet | Zongyi Zhang Yanan Zhao Jing Cai Tong Wang Yujie Song Jingyi Lu Hairuo Du Wenfang Wang Yan Zhao Lei Guo |
| author_sort | Zongyi Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pathogenicity of foodborne <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is a major concern for global public health. This study aimed to optimize the liquid–solid extraction of Wu Wei Zi extracts (WWZE) against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, identify its main components, and investigate the anti-biofilm action. The extraction conditions optimized by the single-factor test and response surface methodology were ethanol concentration of 69%, temperature at 91 °C, time of 143 min, and liquid–solid ratio of 20:1 mL/g. After high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, it was found that the main active ingredients of WWZE were schisandrol A, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, schisanhenol, and schisandrin A–C. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of WWZE, schisantherin A, and schisandrol B measured by broth microdilution assay was 1.25, 0.625, and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively, while the MIC of the other five compounds was higher than 2.5 mg/mL, indicating that schisantherin A and schizandrol B were the main antibacterial components of WWZE. Crystal violet, Coomassie brilliant blue, Congo red plate, spectrophotometry, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to evaluate the effect of WWZE on the biofilm of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>. The results showed that WWZE could exert its dose-dependent potential to effectively inhibit the formation of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> biofilm and clear mature biofilm by significantly destroying the cell membrane integrity of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>, inhibiting the synthesis of intercellular polysaccharide adhesin (PIA), extracellular DNA secretion, and reducing the metabolic activity of biofilm. This study reported for the first time the favorable anti-biofilm effect of WWZE against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>, which provides a basis for deepening the application of WWZE in the preservation of aquatic products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:16:12Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:16:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-177c21fd36534dac8c2b6809a2f7b6a72023-11-17T08:14:21ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01285226810.3390/molecules28052268Optimized Extraction, Identification and Anti-Biofilm Action of Wu Wei Zi (<i>Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis</i>) Extracts against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>Zongyi Zhang0Yanan Zhao1Jing Cai2Tong Wang3Yujie Song4Jingyi Lu5Hairuo Du6Wenfang Wang7Yan Zhao8Lei Guo9Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaThe pathogenicity of foodborne <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is a major concern for global public health. This study aimed to optimize the liquid–solid extraction of Wu Wei Zi extracts (WWZE) against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, identify its main components, and investigate the anti-biofilm action. The extraction conditions optimized by the single-factor test and response surface methodology were ethanol concentration of 69%, temperature at 91 °C, time of 143 min, and liquid–solid ratio of 20:1 mL/g. After high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, it was found that the main active ingredients of WWZE were schisandrol A, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, schisanhenol, and schisandrin A–C. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of WWZE, schisantherin A, and schisandrol B measured by broth microdilution assay was 1.25, 0.625, and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively, while the MIC of the other five compounds was higher than 2.5 mg/mL, indicating that schisantherin A and schizandrol B were the main antibacterial components of WWZE. Crystal violet, Coomassie brilliant blue, Congo red plate, spectrophotometry, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to evaluate the effect of WWZE on the biofilm of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>. The results showed that WWZE could exert its dose-dependent potential to effectively inhibit the formation of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> biofilm and clear mature biofilm by significantly destroying the cell membrane integrity of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>, inhibiting the synthesis of intercellular polysaccharide adhesin (PIA), extracellular DNA secretion, and reducing the metabolic activity of biofilm. This study reported for the first time the favorable anti-biofilm effect of WWZE against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>, which provides a basis for deepening the application of WWZE in the preservation of aquatic products.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2268Wu Wei Zi<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>antibacterialanti-biofilmextraction optimization |
| spellingShingle | Zongyi Zhang Yanan Zhao Jing Cai Tong Wang Yujie Song Jingyi Lu Hairuo Du Wenfang Wang Yan Zhao Lei Guo Optimized Extraction, Identification and Anti-Biofilm Action of Wu Wei Zi (<i>Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis</i>) Extracts against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> Molecules Wu Wei Zi <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> antibacterial anti-biofilm extraction optimization |
| title | Optimized Extraction, Identification and Anti-Biofilm Action of Wu Wei Zi (<i>Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis</i>) Extracts against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> |
| title_full | Optimized Extraction, Identification and Anti-Biofilm Action of Wu Wei Zi (<i>Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis</i>) Extracts against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Optimized Extraction, Identification and Anti-Biofilm Action of Wu Wei Zi (<i>Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis</i>) Extracts against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimized Extraction, Identification and Anti-Biofilm Action of Wu Wei Zi (<i>Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis</i>) Extracts against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> |
| title_short | Optimized Extraction, Identification and Anti-Biofilm Action of Wu Wei Zi (<i>Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis</i>) Extracts against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> |
| title_sort | optimized extraction identification and anti biofilm action of wu wei zi i fructus schisandrae chinensis i extracts against i vibrio parahaemolyticus i |
| topic | Wu Wei Zi <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> antibacterial anti-biofilm extraction optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2268 |
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