Carbohydrate quality, not quantity, linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US populations: evidence from a prospective study
Abstract Background Carbohydrates have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the specific impact of carbohydrate quality and quantity on CRC susceptibility in US populations remains unclear. Methods We followed 101,694 participants from Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer S...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03325-y |
| _version_ | 1797266746665598976 |
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| author | Yi Xiao Ling Xiang Yahui Jiang Yunhao Tang Haitao Gu Yaxu Wang Linglong Peng |
| author_facet | Yi Xiao Ling Xiang Yahui Jiang Yunhao Tang Haitao Gu Yaxu Wang Linglong Peng |
| author_sort | Yi Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Carbohydrates have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the specific impact of carbohydrate quality and quantity on CRC susceptibility in US populations remains unclear. Methods We followed 101,694 participants from Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and low-carbohydrate diet score (LCDs) were used to evaluate the daily carbohydrate quality and quantity separately, where higher scores indicated greater adherence. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute HRs and 95% CIs for incident CRC and related death. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential effect modifiers. Results During follow-up, we documented 1085 incident cases of CRC, of whom 311 died from CRC. Individuals in the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of CQI had a lower CRC incidence (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.96, P trend = 0.012) and mortality (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44–0.86, P trend = 0.004). The inverse association between CQI and CRC risk was observed for distal colon and rectum but not for proximal colon cancer. Regarding mortality, this association was only significant for rectum cancer. Subgroup analyses indicated this inverse association of CQI with CRC risk was only observed in participants with lower LCDs. No significant associations were found between LCDs and CRC incidence or mortality. Conclusions Our findings suggest focusing on higher quality, rather than restricting the quantity, of carbohydrate consumption may be an effective approach to reduce the risk of CRC in the US population, particularly for distal colon and rectal cancers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:05:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17cc2852b7a44ee39a25f13937c62470 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1741-7015 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:05:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-17cc2852b7a44ee39a25f13937c624702024-03-10T12:14:32ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152024-03-0122111310.1186/s12916-024-03325-yCarbohydrate quality, not quantity, linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US populations: evidence from a prospective studyYi Xiao0Ling Xiang1Yahui Jiang2Yunhao Tang3Haitao Gu4Yaxu Wang5Linglong Peng6Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityAbstract Background Carbohydrates have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the specific impact of carbohydrate quality and quantity on CRC susceptibility in US populations remains unclear. Methods We followed 101,694 participants from Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and low-carbohydrate diet score (LCDs) were used to evaluate the daily carbohydrate quality and quantity separately, where higher scores indicated greater adherence. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute HRs and 95% CIs for incident CRC and related death. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential effect modifiers. Results During follow-up, we documented 1085 incident cases of CRC, of whom 311 died from CRC. Individuals in the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of CQI had a lower CRC incidence (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.96, P trend = 0.012) and mortality (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44–0.86, P trend = 0.004). The inverse association between CQI and CRC risk was observed for distal colon and rectum but not for proximal colon cancer. Regarding mortality, this association was only significant for rectum cancer. Subgroup analyses indicated this inverse association of CQI with CRC risk was only observed in participants with lower LCDs. No significant associations were found between LCDs and CRC incidence or mortality. Conclusions Our findings suggest focusing on higher quality, rather than restricting the quantity, of carbohydrate consumption may be an effective approach to reduce the risk of CRC in the US population, particularly for distal colon and rectal cancers.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03325-yColorectal cancerCancer preventionEpidemiologyDietary patternCarbohydrate quality indexLow-carbohydrate diet |
| spellingShingle | Yi Xiao Ling Xiang Yahui Jiang Yunhao Tang Haitao Gu Yaxu Wang Linglong Peng Carbohydrate quality, not quantity, linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US populations: evidence from a prospective study BMC Medicine Colorectal cancer Cancer prevention Epidemiology Dietary pattern Carbohydrate quality index Low-carbohydrate diet |
| title | Carbohydrate quality, not quantity, linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US populations: evidence from a prospective study |
| title_full | Carbohydrate quality, not quantity, linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US populations: evidence from a prospective study |
| title_fullStr | Carbohydrate quality, not quantity, linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US populations: evidence from a prospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbohydrate quality, not quantity, linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US populations: evidence from a prospective study |
| title_short | Carbohydrate quality, not quantity, linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US populations: evidence from a prospective study |
| title_sort | carbohydrate quality not quantity linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in us populations evidence from a prospective study |
| topic | Colorectal cancer Cancer prevention Epidemiology Dietary pattern Carbohydrate quality index Low-carbohydrate diet |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03325-y |
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