IUPHAR Review - Bivalent and bifunctional opioid receptor ligands as novel analgesics

Though efficacious in managing chronic, severe pain, opioid analgesics are accompanied by significant adverse effects including constipation, tolerance, dependence, and respiratory depression. The life-threatening risks associated with µ opioid receptor agonist-based analgesics challenges their use...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kyle J. Rehrauer, Christopher W. Cunningham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-11-01
Series:Pharmacological Research
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661823003225