Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regression
Abstract Background Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation is one of the most popular strategies used by the general population and athletes to reduce muscle soreness and accelerate the recovery process of muscle damage biomarkers after an intense exercise or training session. Objectives T...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2024-04-01
|
| Series: | Sports Medicine - Open |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00686-9 |
| _version_ | 1797199379287769088 |
|---|---|
| author | Atef Salem Khouloud Ben Maaoui Haithem Jahrami Mezna A. AlMarzooqi Omar Boukhris Balsam Messai Cain C. T. Clark Jordan M. Glenn Hadeel A. Ghazzaoui Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Achraf Ammar Khaled Trabelsi Hamdi Chtourou |
| author_facet | Atef Salem Khouloud Ben Maaoui Haithem Jahrami Mezna A. AlMarzooqi Omar Boukhris Balsam Messai Cain C. T. Clark Jordan M. Glenn Hadeel A. Ghazzaoui Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Achraf Ammar Khaled Trabelsi Hamdi Chtourou |
| author_sort | Atef Salem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation is one of the most popular strategies used by the general population and athletes to reduce muscle soreness and accelerate the recovery process of muscle damage biomarkers after an intense exercise or training session. Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation on muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Methods The systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials was conducted using seven databases, up to September 13th, 2022. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies were as follows: studies performed on healthy active participants, using BCAA at least once, controlled with a placebo or control group, performing resistance or endurance exercises, and followed up at least once post-EIMD. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the “SIGN RCT checklist”. Random-effects meta-analyses were processed to compute the standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g). Meta-regression analyses were completed with daily and total dosage and supplementation as continuous moderator variables. Results Of the 18 studies included in this meta-analysis, 13 were of high quality and five were of acceptable quality. Our results revealed BCAA supplementation elicits a significant effect on reducing creatine kinase (CK) levels immediately (g = − 0.44; p = 0.006) and 72 h (g = − 0.99; p = 0.002), but not 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h post-EIMD. Additionally, a significant effect on delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) was identified at 24 h (g = − 1.34; p < 0.001), 48 h (g = − 1.75; p < 0.001), 72 h (g = − 1.82; p < 0.001), and 96 h (g = − 0.82; p = 0.008), but not immediately post-EIMD. No significant effect was found on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at any time point. Meta-regression indicated higher daily and total dosages of BCAA, and longer supplementation periods were related to the largest beneficial effects on CK (total dosage and supplementation period) at 48 h, and on DOMS at 24 h (only daily dosage). Conclusion The overall effects of BCAA supplementation could be considered useful for lowering CK and DOMS after EIMD, but not LDH. The longer supplementation period prior to the EIMD could be more effective for CK and DOMS reduction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:14:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1943e68cd97b488c9f57bb4fb228a149 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2198-9761 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:14:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports Medicine - Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-1943e68cd97b488c9f57bb4fb228a1492024-04-21T11:20:08ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612024-04-0110111810.1186/s40798-024-00686-9Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regressionAtef Salem0Khouloud Ben Maaoui1Haithem Jahrami2Mezna A. AlMarzooqi3Omar Boukhris4Balsam Messai5Cain C. T. Clark6Jordan M. Glenn7Hadeel A. Ghazzaoui8Nicola Luigi Bragazzi9Achraf Ammar10Khaled Trabelsi11Hamdi Chtourou12Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of SfaxHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of SfaxMinistry of HealthLeaders Development Institute, Ministry of SportSport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe UniversityHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of SfaxCentre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry UniversityDepartment of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of ArkansasDepartment Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of JordanLaboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York UniversityHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of SfaxHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of SfaxHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of SfaxAbstract Background Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation is one of the most popular strategies used by the general population and athletes to reduce muscle soreness and accelerate the recovery process of muscle damage biomarkers after an intense exercise or training session. Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation on muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Methods The systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials was conducted using seven databases, up to September 13th, 2022. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies were as follows: studies performed on healthy active participants, using BCAA at least once, controlled with a placebo or control group, performing resistance or endurance exercises, and followed up at least once post-EIMD. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the “SIGN RCT checklist”. Random-effects meta-analyses were processed to compute the standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g). Meta-regression analyses were completed with daily and total dosage and supplementation as continuous moderator variables. Results Of the 18 studies included in this meta-analysis, 13 were of high quality and five were of acceptable quality. Our results revealed BCAA supplementation elicits a significant effect on reducing creatine kinase (CK) levels immediately (g = − 0.44; p = 0.006) and 72 h (g = − 0.99; p = 0.002), but not 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h post-EIMD. Additionally, a significant effect on delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) was identified at 24 h (g = − 1.34; p < 0.001), 48 h (g = − 1.75; p < 0.001), 72 h (g = − 1.82; p < 0.001), and 96 h (g = − 0.82; p = 0.008), but not immediately post-EIMD. No significant effect was found on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at any time point. Meta-regression indicated higher daily and total dosages of BCAA, and longer supplementation periods were related to the largest beneficial effects on CK (total dosage and supplementation period) at 48 h, and on DOMS at 24 h (only daily dosage). Conclusion The overall effects of BCAA supplementation could be considered useful for lowering CK and DOMS after EIMD, but not LDH. The longer supplementation period prior to the EIMD could be more effective for CK and DOMS reduction.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00686-9Branched-chain amino acidMuscle damageRecoveryMuscle sorenessCreatine kinaseLactate dehydrogenase |
| spellingShingle | Atef Salem Khouloud Ben Maaoui Haithem Jahrami Mezna A. AlMarzooqi Omar Boukhris Balsam Messai Cain C. T. Clark Jordan M. Glenn Hadeel A. Ghazzaoui Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Achraf Ammar Khaled Trabelsi Hamdi Chtourou Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regression Sports Medicine - Open Branched-chain amino acid Muscle damage Recovery Muscle soreness Creatine kinase Lactate dehydrogenase |
| title | Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regression |
| title_full | Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regression |
| title_fullStr | Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regression |
| title_short | Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regression |
| title_sort | attenuating muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness after an exercise induced muscle damage with branched chain amino acid bcaa supplementation a systematic review and meta analysis with meta regression |
| topic | Branched-chain amino acid Muscle damage Recovery Muscle soreness Creatine kinase Lactate dehydrogenase |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00686-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT atefsalem attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT khouloudbenmaaoui attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT haithemjahrami attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT meznaaalmarzooqi attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT omarboukhris attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT balsammessai attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT cainctclark attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT jordanmglenn attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT hadeelaghazzaoui attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT nicolaluigibragazzi attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT achrafammar attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT khaledtrabelsi attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression AT hamdichtourou attenuatingmuscledamagebiomarkersandmusclesorenessafteranexerciseinducedmuscledamagewithbranchedchainaminoacidbcaasupplementationasystematicreviewandmetaanalysiswithmetaregression |