Primary and Memory Response of Human Monocytes to Vaccines: Role of Nanoparticulate Antigens in Inducing Innate Memory

Innate immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages are activated in response to microbial and other challenges and mount an inflammatory defensive response. Exposed cells develop the so-called innate memory, which allows them to react differently to a subsequent challenge, aiming at better protec...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mayra M. Ferrari Barbosa, Alex Issamu Kanno, Leonardo Paiva Farias, Mariusz Madej, Gergö Sipos, Silverio Sbrana, Luigina Romani, Diana Boraschi, Luciana C. C. Leite, Paola Italiani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/4/931