Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a comparison with matched controls
Abstract Background Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) include somatic and neurological developmental disturbances after prenatal alcohol exposure, including facial anomalies. However, the knowledge of the orthodontic skeletal and dental cephalometric relations in this group is limited. The ai...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Progress in Orthodontics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-023-00497-w |
| _version_ | 1797371122918883328 |
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| author | Katarzyna Ludwików Anna Westerlund Nameer Al-Taai Małgorzata Zadurska Ewa Monika Czochrowska |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Ludwików Anna Westerlund Nameer Al-Taai Małgorzata Zadurska Ewa Monika Czochrowska |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Ludwików |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) include somatic and neurological developmental disturbances after prenatal alcohol exposure, including facial anomalies. However, the knowledge of the orthodontic skeletal and dental cephalometric relations in this group is limited. The aim of the study was to assess the dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with FASD and to compare them with a matched control group. Methods The study group comprised all available children and adolescents diagnosed with FASD (> 7 years of age) in whom good quality cephalograms were available. The control group comprised non-syndromic, orthodontically untreated children with normal occlusion and skeletal relations matched with age and gender. Cephalometric analysis included eighteen linear and angular measurements. The general linear model for repeated measures regarding age, gender and the type of FASD was applied. Results The group with FASD included 35 individuals (21 girls and 14 boys) aged 7–18 years including 21 with foetal alcohol syndrome. The mean age in the study and the control group was 12.8 years (SD, range 3.2, 7.1–18.1) and 13.0 (SD, range 2.9, 9.1–18.1), respectively. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found in 15 out of 18 of the cephalometric measurements (83%). In children with FASD the mandible was more retrusive, the incisors were more proclined and the mandibular incisors and the lips were more protruded when compared with controls. There was no significant evidence of an influence of age, gender or FASD type. Conclusions Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with FASD significantly differ from controls. Early orthodontic diagnosis and prophylaxis should play a part of the interdisciplinary care of patients in this group. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:15:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19b557e529e142dd9b6661d8a179f56b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-1042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:15:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Progress in Orthodontics |
| spelling | doaj.art-19b557e529e142dd9b6661d8a179f56b2023-12-31T12:16:04ZengSpringerOpenProgress in Orthodontics2196-10422023-12-0124111010.1186/s40510-023-00497-wDentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a comparison with matched controlsKatarzyna Ludwików0Anna Westerlund1Nameer Al-Taai2Małgorzata Zadurska3Ewa Monika Czochrowska4Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of WarsawDepartment of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University in GothenburgDepartment of Odontology, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Medical University of WarsawDepartment of Orthodontics, Medical University of WarsawAbstract Background Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) include somatic and neurological developmental disturbances after prenatal alcohol exposure, including facial anomalies. However, the knowledge of the orthodontic skeletal and dental cephalometric relations in this group is limited. The aim of the study was to assess the dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with FASD and to compare them with a matched control group. Methods The study group comprised all available children and adolescents diagnosed with FASD (> 7 years of age) in whom good quality cephalograms were available. The control group comprised non-syndromic, orthodontically untreated children with normal occlusion and skeletal relations matched with age and gender. Cephalometric analysis included eighteen linear and angular measurements. The general linear model for repeated measures regarding age, gender and the type of FASD was applied. Results The group with FASD included 35 individuals (21 girls and 14 boys) aged 7–18 years including 21 with foetal alcohol syndrome. The mean age in the study and the control group was 12.8 years (SD, range 3.2, 7.1–18.1) and 13.0 (SD, range 2.9, 9.1–18.1), respectively. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found in 15 out of 18 of the cephalometric measurements (83%). In children with FASD the mandible was more retrusive, the incisors were more proclined and the mandibular incisors and the lips were more protruded when compared with controls. There was no significant evidence of an influence of age, gender or FASD type. Conclusions Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with FASD significantly differ from controls. Early orthodontic diagnosis and prophylaxis should play a part of the interdisciplinary care of patients in this group.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-023-00497-wCephalometric analysisDentofacial characteristicsFoetal alcohol syndromeFoetal alcohol spectrum disordersPrenatal alcohol exposure |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Ludwików Anna Westerlund Nameer Al-Taai Małgorzata Zadurska Ewa Monika Czochrowska Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a comparison with matched controls Progress in Orthodontics Cephalometric analysis Dentofacial characteristics Foetal alcohol syndrome Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders Prenatal alcohol exposure |
| title | Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a comparison with matched controls |
| title_full | Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a comparison with matched controls |
| title_fullStr | Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a comparison with matched controls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a comparison with matched controls |
| title_short | Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a comparison with matched controls |
| title_sort | dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders a comparison with matched controls |
| topic | Cephalometric analysis Dentofacial characteristics Foetal alcohol syndrome Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders Prenatal alcohol exposure |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-023-00497-w |
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