The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in B. cenocepacia revealed by chemogenomic profiling
ABSTRACTDrug repurposing efforts led to the discovery of bactericidal activity in auranofin, a gold-containing drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Auranofin kills Gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase, an enzyme that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the pres...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03201-23 |
| _version_ | 1797322812322480128 |
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| author | Dustin T. Maydaniuk Brielle Martens Sarah Iqbal Andrew M. Hogan Neil Lorente Cobo Anna Motnenko Dang Truong Sajani H. Liyanage Mingdi Yan Gerd Prehna Silvia T. Cardona |
| author_facet | Dustin T. Maydaniuk Brielle Martens Sarah Iqbal Andrew M. Hogan Neil Lorente Cobo Anna Motnenko Dang Truong Sajani H. Liyanage Mingdi Yan Gerd Prehna Silvia T. Cardona |
| author_sort | Dustin T. Maydaniuk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTDrug repurposing efforts led to the discovery of bactericidal activity in auranofin, a gold-containing drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Auranofin kills Gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase, an enzyme that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the presence of thioredoxin reductase in Gram-negative bacteria, auranofin is not always active against them. It is not clear whether the lack of activity in several Gram-negative bacteria is due to the cell envelope barrier or the presence of other ROS protective enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GOR). We previously demonstrated that chemical analogs of auranofin (MS-40 and MS-40S), but not auranofin, are bactericidal against the Gram-negative Burkholderia cepacia complex. Here, we explore the targets of auranofin, MS-40, and MS-40S in Burkholderia cenocepacia and elucidate the mechanism of action of the auranofin analogs by a genome-wide, randomly barcoded transposon screen (BarSeq). Auranofin and its analogs inhibited the B. cenocepacia thioredoxin reductase and induced ROS but did not inhibit the bacterial GOR. Genome-wide, BarSeq analysis of cells exposed to MS-40 and MS-40S compared to the ROS inducers arsenic trioxide, diamide, hydrogen peroxide, and paraquat revealed common and unique mediators of drug susceptibility. Furthermore, deletions of gshA and gshB that encode enzymes in the glutathione biosynthetic pathway led to increased susceptibility to MS-40 and MS-40S. Overall, our data suggest that the auranofin analogs kill B. cenocepacia by inducing ROS through inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and that the glutathione system has a role in protecting B. cenocepacia against these ROS-inducing compounds.IMPORTANCEThe Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of multidrug-resistant bacteria that can cause infections in the lungs of people with the autosomal recessive disease, cystic fibrosis. Specifically, the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia can cause severe infections, reducing lung function and leading to a devastating type of sepsis, cepacia syndrome. This bacterium currently does not have an accepted antibiotic treatment plan because of the wide range of antibiotic resistance. Here, we further the research on auranofin analogs as antimicrobials by finding the mechanism of action of these potent bactericidal compounds, using a powerful technique called BarSeq, to find the global response of the cell when exposed to an antimicrobial. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:18:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1a6ae9ac46584d42a3eb3d1a16ac8dea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:18:42Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj.art-1a6ae9ac46584d42a3eb3d1a16ac8dea2024-02-06T14:04:54ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972024-02-0112210.1128/spectrum.03201-23The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in B. cenocepacia revealed by chemogenomic profilingDustin T. Maydaniuk0Brielle Martens1Sarah Iqbal2Andrew M. Hogan3Neil Lorente Cobo4Anna Motnenko5Dang Truong6Sajani H. LiyanageMingdi Yan7Gerd Prehna8Silvia T. Cardona9Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USADepartment of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CanadaABSTRACTDrug repurposing efforts led to the discovery of bactericidal activity in auranofin, a gold-containing drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Auranofin kills Gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase, an enzyme that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the presence of thioredoxin reductase in Gram-negative bacteria, auranofin is not always active against them. It is not clear whether the lack of activity in several Gram-negative bacteria is due to the cell envelope barrier or the presence of other ROS protective enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GOR). We previously demonstrated that chemical analogs of auranofin (MS-40 and MS-40S), but not auranofin, are bactericidal against the Gram-negative Burkholderia cepacia complex. Here, we explore the targets of auranofin, MS-40, and MS-40S in Burkholderia cenocepacia and elucidate the mechanism of action of the auranofin analogs by a genome-wide, randomly barcoded transposon screen (BarSeq). Auranofin and its analogs inhibited the B. cenocepacia thioredoxin reductase and induced ROS but did not inhibit the bacterial GOR. Genome-wide, BarSeq analysis of cells exposed to MS-40 and MS-40S compared to the ROS inducers arsenic trioxide, diamide, hydrogen peroxide, and paraquat revealed common and unique mediators of drug susceptibility. Furthermore, deletions of gshA and gshB that encode enzymes in the glutathione biosynthetic pathway led to increased susceptibility to MS-40 and MS-40S. Overall, our data suggest that the auranofin analogs kill B. cenocepacia by inducing ROS through inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and that the glutathione system has a role in protecting B. cenocepacia against these ROS-inducing compounds.IMPORTANCEThe Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of multidrug-resistant bacteria that can cause infections in the lungs of people with the autosomal recessive disease, cystic fibrosis. Specifically, the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia can cause severe infections, reducing lung function and leading to a devastating type of sepsis, cepacia syndrome. This bacterium currently does not have an accepted antibiotic treatment plan because of the wide range of antibiotic resistance. Here, we further the research on auranofin analogs as antimicrobials by finding the mechanism of action of these potent bactericidal compounds, using a powerful technique called BarSeq, to find the global response of the cell when exposed to an antimicrobial.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03201-23BurkholderiaBarSeqglutathioneROSsynthetic lethalityantibiotic |
| spellingShingle | Dustin T. Maydaniuk Brielle Martens Sarah Iqbal Andrew M. Hogan Neil Lorente Cobo Anna Motnenko Dang Truong Sajani H. Liyanage Mingdi Yan Gerd Prehna Silvia T. Cardona The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in B. cenocepacia revealed by chemogenomic profiling Microbiology Spectrum Burkholderia BarSeq glutathione ROS synthetic lethality antibiotic |
| title | The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in B. cenocepacia revealed by chemogenomic profiling |
| title_full | The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in B. cenocepacia revealed by chemogenomic profiling |
| title_fullStr | The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in B. cenocepacia revealed by chemogenomic profiling |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in B. cenocepacia revealed by chemogenomic profiling |
| title_short | The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in B. cenocepacia revealed by chemogenomic profiling |
| title_sort | mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in b cenocepacia revealed by chemogenomic profiling |
| topic | Burkholderia BarSeq glutathione ROS synthetic lethality antibiotic |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03201-23 |
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