Deep mutational scanning identifies sites in influenza nucleoprotein that affect viral inhibition by MxA.
The innate-immune restriction factor MxA inhibits influenza replication by targeting the viral nucleoprotein (NP). Human influenza virus is more resistant than avian influenza virus to inhibition by human MxA, and prior work has compared human and avian viral strains to identify amino-acid differenc...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017-03-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5383324?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818840956339748864 |
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| author | Orr Ashenberg Jai Padmakumar Michael B Doud Jesse D Bloom |
| author_facet | Orr Ashenberg Jai Padmakumar Michael B Doud Jesse D Bloom |
| author_sort | Orr Ashenberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The innate-immune restriction factor MxA inhibits influenza replication by targeting the viral nucleoprotein (NP). Human influenza virus is more resistant than avian influenza virus to inhibition by human MxA, and prior work has compared human and avian viral strains to identify amino-acid differences in NP that affect sensitivity to MxA. However, this strategy is limited to identifying sites in NP where mutations that affect MxA sensitivity have fixed during the small number of documented zoonotic transmissions of influenza to humans. Here we use an unbiased deep mutational scanning approach to quantify how all single amino-acid mutations to NP affect MxA sensitivity in the context of replication-competent virus. We both identify new sites in NP where mutations affect MxA resistance and re-identify mutations known to have increased MxA resistance during historical adaptations of influenza to humans. Most of the sites where mutations have the greatest effect are almost completely conserved across all influenza A viruses, and the amino acids at these sites confer relatively high resistance to MxA. These sites cluster in regions of NP that appear to be important for its recognition by MxA. Overall, our work systematically identifies the sites in influenza nucleoprotein where mutations affect sensitivity to MxA. We also demonstrate a powerful new strategy for identifying regions of viral proteins that affect inhibition by host factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:18:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ca1d5f6cd6e453ab63832fb53cfdf83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:18:25Z |
| publishDate | 2017-03-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ca1d5f6cd6e453ab63832fb53cfdf832022-12-21T20:36:13ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742017-03-01133e100628810.1371/journal.ppat.1006288Deep mutational scanning identifies sites in influenza nucleoprotein that affect viral inhibition by MxA.Orr AshenbergJai PadmakumarMichael B DoudJesse D BloomThe innate-immune restriction factor MxA inhibits influenza replication by targeting the viral nucleoprotein (NP). Human influenza virus is more resistant than avian influenza virus to inhibition by human MxA, and prior work has compared human and avian viral strains to identify amino-acid differences in NP that affect sensitivity to MxA. However, this strategy is limited to identifying sites in NP where mutations that affect MxA sensitivity have fixed during the small number of documented zoonotic transmissions of influenza to humans. Here we use an unbiased deep mutational scanning approach to quantify how all single amino-acid mutations to NP affect MxA sensitivity in the context of replication-competent virus. We both identify new sites in NP where mutations affect MxA resistance and re-identify mutations known to have increased MxA resistance during historical adaptations of influenza to humans. Most of the sites where mutations have the greatest effect are almost completely conserved across all influenza A viruses, and the amino acids at these sites confer relatively high resistance to MxA. These sites cluster in regions of NP that appear to be important for its recognition by MxA. Overall, our work systematically identifies the sites in influenza nucleoprotein where mutations affect sensitivity to MxA. We also demonstrate a powerful new strategy for identifying regions of viral proteins that affect inhibition by host factors.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5383324?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Orr Ashenberg Jai Padmakumar Michael B Doud Jesse D Bloom Deep mutational scanning identifies sites in influenza nucleoprotein that affect viral inhibition by MxA. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Deep mutational scanning identifies sites in influenza nucleoprotein that affect viral inhibition by MxA. |
| title_full | Deep mutational scanning identifies sites in influenza nucleoprotein that affect viral inhibition by MxA. |
| title_fullStr | Deep mutational scanning identifies sites in influenza nucleoprotein that affect viral inhibition by MxA. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deep mutational scanning identifies sites in influenza nucleoprotein that affect viral inhibition by MxA. |
| title_short | Deep mutational scanning identifies sites in influenza nucleoprotein that affect viral inhibition by MxA. |
| title_sort | deep mutational scanning identifies sites in influenza nucleoprotein that affect viral inhibition by mxa |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5383324?pdf=render |
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