4-Dimensional Flow by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Informs Surgical Planning in Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance enhances the visualization of blood flow in a 3-dimensional volume throughout the cardiac cycle, thus dramatically improving visualization of pulmonary venous anatomy by cardiac magnetic resonance. We demonstrate the impact of 4-dimensional flow on di...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Adam Christopher, MD, Laura Olivieri, MD, Russell Cross, MD, Karthik Ramakrishnan, MD, Yue-Hin Loke, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2020-04-01
Series:JACC: Case Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666084920302278