Assessment of Direct Injected Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Diesel Blends for Ultra-Low Soot Combustion Engine Application
Technological and economic concerns correlated to fulfilling future emissions and CO<sub>2</sub> standards require great research efforts to define an alternative solution for low emissions and highly efficient propulsion systems. Alternative fuel formulation could contribute to this aim...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/14/4949 |
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| author | Roberto Ianniello Gabriele Di Blasio Renato Marialto Carlo Beatrice Massimo Cardone |
| author_facet | Roberto Ianniello Gabriele Di Blasio Renato Marialto Carlo Beatrice Massimo Cardone |
| author_sort | Roberto Ianniello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Technological and economic concerns correlated to fulfilling future emissions and CO<sub>2</sub> standards require great research efforts to define an alternative solution for low emissions and highly efficient propulsion systems. Alternative fuel formulation could contribute to this aim. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with lower carbon content than other fossil fuels and which is easily vaporized at ambient conditions has the advantage of lowering CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and optimizing the combustion process. Liquefied petroleum gas characteristics and availability makes the fuel a promising alternative for internal combustion engines. The possible combination of using it in high-efficiency compression ignition engines makes it worth analyzing the innovative method of using LPG as a blend component in diesel. Few relevant studies are detectable in literature in this regard. In this study, two blends containing diesel and LPG, in volume ratios 20/80 and 35/65, respectively, were formulated and utilized. Their effects on combustion and emissions performance were assessed by performing proper experimental tests on a modern light-duty single-cylinder engine test rig. Reference operating points at conventional engine calibration settings were examined. A specific exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) parametrization was performed evaluating the LPG blends’ potential in reducing the smoke emissions at standard engine-out NOx levels. The results confirm excellent NOx-smoke trade-off improvements with smoke reductions up to 95% at similar NOx and efficiency. Unburnt emissions slightly increase, and to acceptable levels. Improvements, in terms of indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC), are detected in the range of 1–3%, as well as the CO<sub>2</sub> decrease proportionally to the mixing ratio. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:23:27Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1e934dfd383a438c858933d8d3215d0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:23:27Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1e934dfd383a438c858933d8d3215d0d2023-11-20T07:12:13ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-07-011014494910.3390/app10144949Assessment of Direct Injected Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Diesel Blends for Ultra-Low Soot Combustion Engine ApplicationRoberto Ianniello0Gabriele Di Blasio1Renato Marialto2Carlo Beatrice3Massimo Cardone4CNR–Istituto Motori, Viale Marconi, 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyCNR–Istituto Motori, Viale Marconi, 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyCNR–Istituto Motori, Viale Marconi, 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyCNR–Istituto Motori, Viale Marconi, 4, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio, 21, 80125 Naples, ItalyTechnological and economic concerns correlated to fulfilling future emissions and CO<sub>2</sub> standards require great research efforts to define an alternative solution for low emissions and highly efficient propulsion systems. Alternative fuel formulation could contribute to this aim. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with lower carbon content than other fossil fuels and which is easily vaporized at ambient conditions has the advantage of lowering CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and optimizing the combustion process. Liquefied petroleum gas characteristics and availability makes the fuel a promising alternative for internal combustion engines. The possible combination of using it in high-efficiency compression ignition engines makes it worth analyzing the innovative method of using LPG as a blend component in diesel. Few relevant studies are detectable in literature in this regard. In this study, two blends containing diesel and LPG, in volume ratios 20/80 and 35/65, respectively, were formulated and utilized. Their effects on combustion and emissions performance were assessed by performing proper experimental tests on a modern light-duty single-cylinder engine test rig. Reference operating points at conventional engine calibration settings were examined. A specific exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) parametrization was performed evaluating the LPG blends’ potential in reducing the smoke emissions at standard engine-out NOx levels. The results confirm excellent NOx-smoke trade-off improvements with smoke reductions up to 95% at similar NOx and efficiency. Unburnt emissions slightly increase, and to acceptable levels. Improvements, in terms of indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC), are detected in the range of 1–3%, as well as the CO<sub>2</sub> decrease proportionally to the mixing ratio.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/14/4949DI diesel-LPG blendsultra-low emissionsoutstanding NOx-soot trade-offhigh efficiencydiesel enginealternative fuels |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Ianniello Gabriele Di Blasio Renato Marialto Carlo Beatrice Massimo Cardone Assessment of Direct Injected Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Diesel Blends for Ultra-Low Soot Combustion Engine Application Applied Sciences DI diesel-LPG blends ultra-low emissions outstanding NOx-soot trade-off high efficiency diesel engine alternative fuels |
| title | Assessment of Direct Injected Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Diesel Blends for Ultra-Low Soot Combustion Engine Application |
| title_full | Assessment of Direct Injected Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Diesel Blends for Ultra-Low Soot Combustion Engine Application |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Direct Injected Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Diesel Blends for Ultra-Low Soot Combustion Engine Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Direct Injected Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Diesel Blends for Ultra-Low Soot Combustion Engine Application |
| title_short | Assessment of Direct Injected Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Diesel Blends for Ultra-Low Soot Combustion Engine Application |
| title_sort | assessment of direct injected liquefied petroleum gas diesel blends for ultra low soot combustion engine application |
| topic | DI diesel-LPG blends ultra-low emissions outstanding NOx-soot trade-off high efficiency diesel engine alternative fuels |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/14/4949 |
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