Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)
Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) is an emerging aquaculture species in Southeast Asia and Australia with limited knowledge of its nutrient requirements and effects of supplements on its physiology. The present study investigated the effects of astaxanthin, vitamin E, and combinations on growt...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Aquaculture Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513422002629 |
| _version_ | 1811272432387883008 |
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| author | Fernando Fernando Caroline L. Candebat Jan M. Strugnell Nikos Andreakis Leo Nankervis |
| author_facet | Fernando Fernando Caroline L. Candebat Jan M. Strugnell Nikos Andreakis Leo Nankervis |
| author_sort | Fernando Fernando |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) is an emerging aquaculture species in Southeast Asia and Australia with limited knowledge of its nutrient requirements and effects of supplements on its physiology. The present study investigated the effects of astaxanthin, vitamin E, and combinations on growth performance, body coloration, and the antioxidant status of juvenile giant grouper. Nine isonitrogenous (crude protein = 65 % ± 0.7 %) and isolipidic (crude lipid = 10 % ± 0.3 %) diets were formulated using a 3 × 3 factorial design, including three levels astaxanthin (0, 75, and 150 mg/kg) and vitamin E (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg), respectively. Each of the nine diets was fed to triplicate groups of 15 giant grouper (18.04 ± 0.92 g) for 30 days. Giant grouper fed the different diets exhibited no significant differences (p > 0.05) in specific growth rate (4.87 %/day - 5.21 %/day). However, dietary astaxanthin supplementation significantly enhanced the redness (a*), yellowness (b*b*), chroma, and hue values of the fin, regardless of the dose supplemented. Giant grouper fed astaxanthin at 75 and 150 mg/kg diet were more yellow and had three times higher b* values than fish fed non-supplemented diets. Further, total antioxidant capacity (TAC; mmol Trolox equivalent) in liver tissues was significantly increased in fish fed any of the astaxanthin-supplemented diets (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TAC levels were not affected by vitamin E supplementation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by astaxanthin or vitamin E. Findings from this study will contribute toward a better understanding of the dietary effects of antioxidant and pigment in juvenile giant grouper. We present that dietary treatment can modulate giant grouper pigmentation and may be used in the live fish trade. Further, this study contributes to narrowing the knowledge gap in formulating appropriate diets for giant grouper, which to date is fed diets formulated for other species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:40:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f5621d0b7e0472292cadb24e5ec5a99 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-5134 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:40:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aquaculture Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f5621d0b7e0472292cadb24e5ec5a992022-12-22T03:13:45ZengElsevierAquaculture Reports2352-51342022-10-0126101266Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)Fernando Fernando0Caroline L. Candebat1Jan M. Strugnell2Nikos Andreakis3Leo Nankervis4Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia; Corresponding author.Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4810, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia; Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4810, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4810, AustraliaGiant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) is an emerging aquaculture species in Southeast Asia and Australia with limited knowledge of its nutrient requirements and effects of supplements on its physiology. The present study investigated the effects of astaxanthin, vitamin E, and combinations on growth performance, body coloration, and the antioxidant status of juvenile giant grouper. Nine isonitrogenous (crude protein = 65 % ± 0.7 %) and isolipidic (crude lipid = 10 % ± 0.3 %) diets were formulated using a 3 × 3 factorial design, including three levels astaxanthin (0, 75, and 150 mg/kg) and vitamin E (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg), respectively. Each of the nine diets was fed to triplicate groups of 15 giant grouper (18.04 ± 0.92 g) for 30 days. Giant grouper fed the different diets exhibited no significant differences (p > 0.05) in specific growth rate (4.87 %/day - 5.21 %/day). However, dietary astaxanthin supplementation significantly enhanced the redness (a*), yellowness (b*b*), chroma, and hue values of the fin, regardless of the dose supplemented. Giant grouper fed astaxanthin at 75 and 150 mg/kg diet were more yellow and had three times higher b* values than fish fed non-supplemented diets. Further, total antioxidant capacity (TAC; mmol Trolox equivalent) in liver tissues was significantly increased in fish fed any of the astaxanthin-supplemented diets (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TAC levels were not affected by vitamin E supplementation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by astaxanthin or vitamin E. Findings from this study will contribute toward a better understanding of the dietary effects of antioxidant and pigment in juvenile giant grouper. We present that dietary treatment can modulate giant grouper pigmentation and may be used in the live fish trade. Further, this study contributes to narrowing the knowledge gap in formulating appropriate diets for giant grouper, which to date is fed diets formulated for other species.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513422002629Carophyll pinkCarotenoidFeed supplementTocopherolSparing effects |
| spellingShingle | Fernando Fernando Caroline L. Candebat Jan M. Strugnell Nikos Andreakis Leo Nankervis Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) Aquaculture Reports Carophyll pink Carotenoid Feed supplement Tocopherol Sparing effects |
| title | Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) |
| title_full | Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) |
| title_fullStr | Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) |
| title_short | Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) |
| title_sort | dietary supplementation of astaxanthin modulates skin color and liver antioxidant status of giant grouper epinephelus lanceolatus |
| topic | Carophyll pink Carotenoid Feed supplement Tocopherol Sparing effects |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513422002629 |
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