Causal effects of education, intelligence, and income on COVID-19: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study
Abstract Background The protective effects of higher educational attainment (EA) and intelligence on COVID-19 outcomes are not yet understood with regard to their dependency on income. The objective of our study was to examine the overall as well as independent effects of the three psychosocial fact...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Human Genomics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-025-00731-y |