Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate and Fluoride in the Groundwater of Central Saudi Arabia

Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate and Fluoride in the Groundwater of Central Saudi Arabia

High nitrate and fluoride contamination in groundwater cause a variety of disorders, including methemoglobinemia, teratogenesis, and dental and skeletal fluorosis. The present work assesses the non-carcinogenic health risks posed by nitrate and fluoride in infants, children, and adults using the dai...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Talal Alharbi, Abdelbaset S. El-Sorogy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-06-01
Series:Water
Subjects:
nitrate
fluoride
hazard index
groundwater
Saudi Arabia
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/12/2220

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