Children’s Individual Differences in Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Relation to Prejudice Toward Social Minorities
Executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) are key cognitive skills for socio-emotional adjustment. Executive function develops considerably between 3 and 7 years of age, and fosters the development of social cognition skills such as ToM. Studies with adults have shown a link between EF and pr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02293/full |
| _version_ | 1828486997963964416 |
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| author | Ángela Hoyo M. Rosario Rueda M. Rosario Rueda Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón |
| author_facet | Ángela Hoyo M. Rosario Rueda M. Rosario Rueda Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón |
| author_sort | Ángela Hoyo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) are key cognitive skills for socio-emotional adjustment. Executive function develops considerably between 3 and 7 years of age, and fosters the development of social cognition skills such as ToM. Studies with adults have shown a link between EF and prejudice, as well as between empathy and prejudice. Moreover, the relationship between EF, cognitive and affective ToM and prejudice has barely been studied in children. In this study, we aimed at examining the relationship between individual differences in EF, cognitive and affective ToM and prejudice toward the Romany ethnic minority. We expected a positive association between EF and ToM skills, and a negative association between EF and prejudice. We also predicted a negative association between ToM and prejudice. A total of 86 preschool (5–6 years old, N = 43) and third-grade (8–9 years old, N = 43) children participated in the study. Results showed a negative relationship between EF and prejudice, as well as between affective ToM and prejudice, after controlling for intelligence. Moreover, we found that EF significantly predicted prejudice. Exploratory correlational analyses suggested age-related differences in the EF skills underlying prejudice regulation. These findings suggest a distinctive contribution of cognitive and affective components of ToM to prejudice, and highlight the central role of EF in social behavior regulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:43:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-205cde8afad9437cb7ffa51f73a273c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:43:04Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-205cde8afad9437cb7ffa51f73a273c72022-12-22T01:12:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782019-10-011010.3389/fpsyg.2019.02293442752Children’s Individual Differences in Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Relation to Prejudice Toward Social MinoritiesÁngela Hoyo0M. Rosario Rueda1M. Rosario Rueda2Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón3Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón4Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, SpainMind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, SpainDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, SpainMind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, SpainDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, SpainExecutive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) are key cognitive skills for socio-emotional adjustment. Executive function develops considerably between 3 and 7 years of age, and fosters the development of social cognition skills such as ToM. Studies with adults have shown a link between EF and prejudice, as well as between empathy and prejudice. Moreover, the relationship between EF, cognitive and affective ToM and prejudice has barely been studied in children. In this study, we aimed at examining the relationship between individual differences in EF, cognitive and affective ToM and prejudice toward the Romany ethnic minority. We expected a positive association between EF and ToM skills, and a negative association between EF and prejudice. We also predicted a negative association between ToM and prejudice. A total of 86 preschool (5–6 years old, N = 43) and third-grade (8–9 years old, N = 43) children participated in the study. Results showed a negative relationship between EF and prejudice, as well as between affective ToM and prejudice, after controlling for intelligence. Moreover, we found that EF significantly predicted prejudice. Exploratory correlational analyses suggested age-related differences in the EF skills underlying prejudice regulation. These findings suggest a distinctive contribution of cognitive and affective components of ToM to prejudice, and highlight the central role of EF in social behavior regulation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02293/fullexecutive functiontheory of mindprejudiceregulationcognitive development |
| spellingShingle | Ángela Hoyo M. Rosario Rueda M. Rosario Rueda Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón Children’s Individual Differences in Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Relation to Prejudice Toward Social Minorities Frontiers in Psychology executive function theory of mind prejudice regulation cognitive development |
| title | Children’s Individual Differences in Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Relation to Prejudice Toward Social Minorities |
| title_full | Children’s Individual Differences in Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Relation to Prejudice Toward Social Minorities |
| title_fullStr | Children’s Individual Differences in Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Relation to Prejudice Toward Social Minorities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Children’s Individual Differences in Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Relation to Prejudice Toward Social Minorities |
| title_short | Children’s Individual Differences in Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Relation to Prejudice Toward Social Minorities |
| title_sort | children s individual differences in executive function and theory of mind in relation to prejudice toward social minorities |
| topic | executive function theory of mind prejudice regulation cognitive development |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02293/full |
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