Emerging Trends in Ant–Pollinator Conflict in Extrafloral Nectary-Bearing Plants

Emerging Trends in Ant–Pollinator Conflict in Extrafloral Nectary-Bearing Plants

The net outcomes of mutualisms are mediated by the trade-offs between the costs and benefits provided by both partners. Our review proposes the existence of a trade-off in ant protection mutualisms between the benefits generated by the ants’ protection against the attack of herbivores and the losses...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eduardo Soares Calixto, Isabela Cristina de Oliveira Pimenta, Denise Lange, Robert J. Marquis, Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi, Kleber Del-Claro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-02-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
protective mutualism
extrafloral nectar
costs and benefits
flower distraction hypothesis
pollination
ant–plant interaction
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/5/651

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/5/651

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