Analysis of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutations, Microsatellite Instability, and Relevant Prognosis Effects in Patients With Early Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study in East Asia
BackgroundEarly colorectal cancer (ECRC) refers to any size of colorectal cancer (CRC) whose depth of invasion is limited to the mucosa and submucosa. About 10% of patients with ECRC die from cancer after surgery. KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations and microsatellite instability (MSI) are considered dia...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.897548/full |
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| author | Yang Li Jun Xiao Tiancheng Zhang Yanying Zheng Hailin Jin |
| author_facet | Yang Li Jun Xiao Tiancheng Zhang Yanying Zheng Hailin Jin |
| author_sort | Yang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundEarly colorectal cancer (ECRC) refers to any size of colorectal cancer (CRC) whose depth of invasion is limited to the mucosa and submucosa. About 10% of patients with ECRC die from cancer after surgery. KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations and microsatellite instability (MSI) are considered diagnostic and prognostic markers in CRC. However, their characteristics in ECRC and whether postoperative chemotherapy based on them will benefit ECRC patients or not remain unknown.Patients and MethodsPatients with ECRC and 298 patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC) were collected in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015. The Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)-PCR was used to perform the KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutant tests.ResultsIn ECRC patients, 43 cases of KRAS mutation were found, accounting for 69.35%. Interestingly, among KRAS mutations, there were 10 KRAS multi-site mutation patients (16.13% in 62 ECRC patients). Moreover, the NRAS mutation rate was 3.23% but no BRAF mutation was found and only 1 case of MSI-High was detected. KRAS mutation was only related to the depth of tumor invasion whereas KRAS multi-site mutations were related to mucus components and tumor size. As far as NRAS is concerned, mutations were associated with elevated CEA, mucus components, and the depth of tumor invasion. Notably, compared with 2.35% KRAS multi-site mutation in ACRC, the rate of KRAS multi-site mutation in ECRC was much higher. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that KRAS mutation could be an independent prognostic factor of ECRC in patients who have undergone endoscopic resection or surgery.ConclusionPatients with ECRC might benefit from KRAS mutation testing but not from postoperative chemotherapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:02:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21206ae7a88b4dc5bce534fc4a980d08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:02:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-21206ae7a88b4dc5bce534fc4a980d082022-12-22T00:32:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2022-06-011210.3389/fonc.2022.897548897548Analysis of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutations, Microsatellite Instability, and Relevant Prognosis Effects in Patients With Early Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study in East AsiaYang Li0Jun Xiao1Tiancheng Zhang2Yanying Zheng3Hailin Jin4Gastroenterology Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, ChinaGastroenterology Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, ChinaGastroenterology Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, ChinaGastroenterology Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, ChinaBackgroundEarly colorectal cancer (ECRC) refers to any size of colorectal cancer (CRC) whose depth of invasion is limited to the mucosa and submucosa. About 10% of patients with ECRC die from cancer after surgery. KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations and microsatellite instability (MSI) are considered diagnostic and prognostic markers in CRC. However, their characteristics in ECRC and whether postoperative chemotherapy based on them will benefit ECRC patients or not remain unknown.Patients and MethodsPatients with ECRC and 298 patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC) were collected in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015. The Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)-PCR was used to perform the KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutant tests.ResultsIn ECRC patients, 43 cases of KRAS mutation were found, accounting for 69.35%. Interestingly, among KRAS mutations, there were 10 KRAS multi-site mutation patients (16.13% in 62 ECRC patients). Moreover, the NRAS mutation rate was 3.23% but no BRAF mutation was found and only 1 case of MSI-High was detected. KRAS mutation was only related to the depth of tumor invasion whereas KRAS multi-site mutations were related to mucus components and tumor size. As far as NRAS is concerned, mutations were associated with elevated CEA, mucus components, and the depth of tumor invasion. Notably, compared with 2.35% KRAS multi-site mutation in ACRC, the rate of KRAS multi-site mutation in ECRC was much higher. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that KRAS mutation could be an independent prognostic factor of ECRC in patients who have undergone endoscopic resection or surgery.ConclusionPatients with ECRC might benefit from KRAS mutation testing but not from postoperative chemotherapy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.897548/fullKRASNRASBRAFmicrosatellite instabilitygene mutationearly colorectal cancer |
| spellingShingle | Yang Li Jun Xiao Tiancheng Zhang Yanying Zheng Hailin Jin Analysis of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutations, Microsatellite Instability, and Relevant Prognosis Effects in Patients With Early Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study in East Asia Frontiers in Oncology KRAS NRAS BRAF microsatellite instability gene mutation early colorectal cancer |
| title | Analysis of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutations, Microsatellite Instability, and Relevant Prognosis Effects in Patients With Early Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study in East Asia |
| title_full | Analysis of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutations, Microsatellite Instability, and Relevant Prognosis Effects in Patients With Early Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study in East Asia |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutations, Microsatellite Instability, and Relevant Prognosis Effects in Patients With Early Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study in East Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutations, Microsatellite Instability, and Relevant Prognosis Effects in Patients With Early Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study in East Asia |
| title_short | Analysis of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutations, Microsatellite Instability, and Relevant Prognosis Effects in Patients With Early Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study in East Asia |
| title_sort | analysis of kras nras and braf mutations microsatellite instability and relevant prognosis effects in patients with early colorectal cancer a cohort study in east asia |
| topic | KRAS NRAS BRAF microsatellite instability gene mutation early colorectal cancer |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.897548/full |
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