PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy or lenvatinib in advanced gallbladder cancer: a retrospective comparative study

Abstract Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a refractory primary cancer. Some GBC patients are prone to recurrence even after surgical resection. In such cases, chemotherapy is the most common non-surgical treatment. The emergence of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors and targeted...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hong-yan Ma, Qin-wen Tai, Hao Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Gastroenterology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03688-3