To the Gut Microbiome and Beyond: The Brain-First or Body-First Hypothesis in Parkinson’s Disease
There is continued debate regarding Parkinson’s disease etiology and whether it originates in the brain or begins in the gut. Recently, evidence has been provided for both, with Parkinson’s disease onset presenting as either a “body-first” or “brain-first” progression. Most research indicates those...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.791213/full |
| _version_ | 1819161008224075776 |
|---|---|
| author | Nathan D. Nuzum Amy Loughman Ewa A. Szymlek-Gay Wei-Peng Teo Wei-Peng Teo Ashlee M. Hendy Helen Macpherson |
| author_facet | Nathan D. Nuzum Amy Loughman Ewa A. Szymlek-Gay Wei-Peng Teo Wei-Peng Teo Ashlee M. Hendy Helen Macpherson |
| author_sort | Nathan D. Nuzum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is continued debate regarding Parkinson’s disease etiology and whether it originates in the brain or begins in the gut. Recently, evidence has been provided for both, with Parkinson’s disease onset presenting as either a “body-first” or “brain-first” progression. Most research indicates those with Parkinson’s disease have an altered gut microbiome compared to controls. However, some studies do not report gut microbiome differences, potentially due to the brain or body-first progression type. Based on the etiology of each proposed progression, individuals with the body-first progression may exhibit altered gut microbiomes, i.e., where short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria are reduced, while the brain-first progression may not. Future microbiome research should consider this hypothesis and investigate whether gut microbiome differences exist between each type of progression. This may further elucidate the impact of the gut microbiome in Parkinson’s disease and show how it may not be homogenous across individuals with Parkinson’s disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T17:05:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21dadaad793a41299f3f389856187afa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T17:05:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-21dadaad793a41299f3f389856187afa2022-12-21T18:19:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-03-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.791213791213To the Gut Microbiome and Beyond: The Brain-First or Body-First Hypothesis in Parkinson’s DiseaseNathan D. Nuzum0Amy Loughman1Ewa A. Szymlek-Gay2Wei-Peng Teo3Wei-Peng Teo4Ashlee M. Hendy5Helen Macpherson6Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaFood and Mood Center, IMPACT Strategic Research Center, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaPhysical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SingaporeInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaThere is continued debate regarding Parkinson’s disease etiology and whether it originates in the brain or begins in the gut. Recently, evidence has been provided for both, with Parkinson’s disease onset presenting as either a “body-first” or “brain-first” progression. Most research indicates those with Parkinson’s disease have an altered gut microbiome compared to controls. However, some studies do not report gut microbiome differences, potentially due to the brain or body-first progression type. Based on the etiology of each proposed progression, individuals with the body-first progression may exhibit altered gut microbiomes, i.e., where short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria are reduced, while the brain-first progression may not. Future microbiome research should consider this hypothesis and investigate whether gut microbiome differences exist between each type of progression. This may further elucidate the impact of the gut microbiome in Parkinson’s disease and show how it may not be homogenous across individuals with Parkinson’s disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.791213/fullneurodegenerativemicrobiotamicrobiota-gut-brain axisgut-brain-axisgut flora |
| spellingShingle | Nathan D. Nuzum Amy Loughman Ewa A. Szymlek-Gay Wei-Peng Teo Wei-Peng Teo Ashlee M. Hendy Helen Macpherson To the Gut Microbiome and Beyond: The Brain-First or Body-First Hypothesis in Parkinson’s Disease Frontiers in Microbiology neurodegenerative microbiota microbiota-gut-brain axis gut-brain-axis gut flora |
| title | To the Gut Microbiome and Beyond: The Brain-First or Body-First Hypothesis in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | To the Gut Microbiome and Beyond: The Brain-First or Body-First Hypothesis in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | To the Gut Microbiome and Beyond: The Brain-First or Body-First Hypothesis in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | To the Gut Microbiome and Beyond: The Brain-First or Body-First Hypothesis in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | To the Gut Microbiome and Beyond: The Brain-First or Body-First Hypothesis in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | to the gut microbiome and beyond the brain first or body first hypothesis in parkinson s disease |
| topic | neurodegenerative microbiota microbiota-gut-brain axis gut-brain-axis gut flora |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.791213/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nathandnuzum tothegutmicrobiomeandbeyondthebrainfirstorbodyfirsthypothesisinparkinsonsdisease AT amyloughman tothegutmicrobiomeandbeyondthebrainfirstorbodyfirsthypothesisinparkinsonsdisease AT ewaaszymlekgay tothegutmicrobiomeandbeyondthebrainfirstorbodyfirsthypothesisinparkinsonsdisease AT weipengteo tothegutmicrobiomeandbeyondthebrainfirstorbodyfirsthypothesisinparkinsonsdisease AT weipengteo tothegutmicrobiomeandbeyondthebrainfirstorbodyfirsthypothesisinparkinsonsdisease AT ashleemhendy tothegutmicrobiomeandbeyondthebrainfirstorbodyfirsthypothesisinparkinsonsdisease AT helenmacpherson tothegutmicrobiomeandbeyondthebrainfirstorbodyfirsthypothesisinparkinsonsdisease |