Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth
Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, originally observed by Warburg 100 years ago, which involves the production of lactate as the end product of glucose breakdown even in the presence of adequate oxygen, is the foundation for the current interest in the cancer-cell-specific reprograming of metabolic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/3/504 |
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| author | Marilyn Mathew Nhi T. Nguyen Yangzom D. Bhutia Sathish Sivaprakasam Vadivel Ganapathy |
| author_facet | Marilyn Mathew Nhi T. Nguyen Yangzom D. Bhutia Sathish Sivaprakasam Vadivel Ganapathy |
| author_sort | Marilyn Mathew |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, originally observed by Warburg 100 years ago, which involves the production of lactate as the end product of glucose breakdown even in the presence of adequate oxygen, is the foundation for the current interest in the cancer-cell-specific reprograming of metabolic pathways. The renewed interest in cancer cell metabolism has now gone well beyond the original Warburg effect related to glycolysis to other metabolic pathways that include amino acid metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide synthesis, antioxidant machinery, etc. Since glucose and amino acids constitute the primary nutrients that fuel the altered metabolic pathways in cancer cells, the transporters that mediate the transfer of these nutrients and their metabolites not only across the plasma membrane but also across the mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes have become an integral component of the expansion of the Warburg effect. In this review, we focus on the interplay between these transporters and metabolic pathways that facilitates metabolic reprogramming, which has become a hallmark of cancer cells. The beneficial outcome of this recent understanding of the unique metabolic signature surrounding the Warburg effect is the identification of novel drug targets for the development of a new generation of therapeutics to treat cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:59:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2232f0f8e4b8491d8f44627a3ee613fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:59:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-2232f0f8e4b8491d8f44627a3ee613fd2024-02-09T15:08:46ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942024-01-0116350410.3390/cancers16030504Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor GrowthMarilyn Mathew0Nhi T. Nguyen1Yangzom D. Bhutia2Sathish Sivaprakasam3Vadivel Ganapathy4Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USAAerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, originally observed by Warburg 100 years ago, which involves the production of lactate as the end product of glucose breakdown even in the presence of adequate oxygen, is the foundation for the current interest in the cancer-cell-specific reprograming of metabolic pathways. The renewed interest in cancer cell metabolism has now gone well beyond the original Warburg effect related to glycolysis to other metabolic pathways that include amino acid metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide synthesis, antioxidant machinery, etc. Since glucose and amino acids constitute the primary nutrients that fuel the altered metabolic pathways in cancer cells, the transporters that mediate the transfer of these nutrients and their metabolites not only across the plasma membrane but also across the mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes have become an integral component of the expansion of the Warburg effect. In this review, we focus on the interplay between these transporters and metabolic pathways that facilitates metabolic reprogramming, which has become a hallmark of cancer cells. The beneficial outcome of this recent understanding of the unique metabolic signature surrounding the Warburg effect is the identification of novel drug targets for the development of a new generation of therapeutics to treat cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/3/504oncogenesaerobic glycolysislactate receptorsnutrient transportersglutamine addictionone-carbon metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Marilyn Mathew Nhi T. Nguyen Yangzom D. Bhutia Sathish Sivaprakasam Vadivel Ganapathy Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth Cancers oncogenes aerobic glycolysis lactate receptors nutrient transporters glutamine addiction one-carbon metabolism |
| title | Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth |
| title_full | Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth |
| title_short | Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth |
| title_sort | metabolic signature of warburg effect in cancer an effective and obligatory interplay between nutrient transporters and catabolic anabolic pathways to promote tumor growth |
| topic | oncogenes aerobic glycolysis lactate receptors nutrient transporters glutamine addiction one-carbon metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/3/504 |
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