Oscillatory shear stress promotes vein graft intimal hyperplasia via NADPH oxidase-related pathways
BackgroundUncontrolled intimal hyperplasia (IH) after autologous saphenous vein grafting triggers a high restenosis rate; however, its association with the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-related pathways is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanism of oscillatory shear stress (OSS)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Surgery |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2023.1073557/full |
| _version_ | 1811165317040177152 |
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| author | Guoqing Yao Huanhuan Li Huanhuan Li Xiangyi Zuo Chunkai Wang Yelei Xiao Yu Zhao Xuehu Wang |
| author_facet | Guoqing Yao Huanhuan Li Huanhuan Li Xiangyi Zuo Chunkai Wang Yelei Xiao Yu Zhao Xuehu Wang |
| author_sort | Guoqing Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundUncontrolled intimal hyperplasia (IH) after autologous saphenous vein grafting triggers a high restenosis rate; however, its association with the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-related pathways is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanism of oscillatory shear stress (OSS) on grafted vein IH.MethodsThirty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control, high-OSS (HOSS), and low-OSS (LOSS) groups, and the vein grafts were harvested after 4 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining assays were used to observe morphological and structural changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect α-SMA, PCNA, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the tissues. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of pathway-related proteins (NOX1, NOX2, AKT, p-AKT, and BIRC5), PCNA, BCL-2, BAX, and caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 in tissues.ResultsBlood flow velocity was lower in the LOSS group than in the HOSS group, while vessel diameter did not change significantly. Shear rate was elevated in both HOSS and LOSS groups but was higher in the HOSS group. Additionally, vessel diameter increased with time in the HOSS and LOSS groups, whereas flow velocity did not. Intimal hyperplasia was significantly lower in the LOSS group than in the HOSS group. IH was dominated by smooth muscle fibers in the grafted veins and collagen fibers in the media. OSS restriction significantly reduced the α-SMA, PCNA, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels. Moreover, ROS production and the expression of NOX1, NOX2, p-AKT, BIRC5, PCNA, BCL-2, BAX, and cleaved caspase-3 were phase-reduced in LOSS compared to the levels in the HOSS group. Total AKT was not differentially expressed among the three groups.ConclusionOSS promotes the proliferation, migration, and survival of subendothelial vascular smooth muscle cells in grafted veins, which may be related to the regulation of downstream p-AKT/BIRC5 levels through the increased production of ROS by NOX. Drugs inhibiting this pathway might be used to prolong vein graft survival time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:36:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22a3a40f2c7c4d1487347ff568d97c21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-875X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:36:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Surgery |
| spelling | doaj.art-22a3a40f2c7c4d1487347ff568d97c212023-02-13T05:10:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Surgery2296-875X2023-02-011010.3389/fsurg.2023.10735571073557Oscillatory shear stress promotes vein graft intimal hyperplasia via NADPH oxidase-related pathwaysGuoqing Yao0Huanhuan Li1Huanhuan Li2Xiangyi Zuo3Chunkai Wang4Yelei Xiao5Yu Zhao6Xuehu Wang7Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaBackgroundUncontrolled intimal hyperplasia (IH) after autologous saphenous vein grafting triggers a high restenosis rate; however, its association with the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-related pathways is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanism of oscillatory shear stress (OSS) on grafted vein IH.MethodsThirty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control, high-OSS (HOSS), and low-OSS (LOSS) groups, and the vein grafts were harvested after 4 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining assays were used to observe morphological and structural changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect α-SMA, PCNA, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the tissues. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of pathway-related proteins (NOX1, NOX2, AKT, p-AKT, and BIRC5), PCNA, BCL-2, BAX, and caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 in tissues.ResultsBlood flow velocity was lower in the LOSS group than in the HOSS group, while vessel diameter did not change significantly. Shear rate was elevated in both HOSS and LOSS groups but was higher in the HOSS group. Additionally, vessel diameter increased with time in the HOSS and LOSS groups, whereas flow velocity did not. Intimal hyperplasia was significantly lower in the LOSS group than in the HOSS group. IH was dominated by smooth muscle fibers in the grafted veins and collagen fibers in the media. OSS restriction significantly reduced the α-SMA, PCNA, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels. Moreover, ROS production and the expression of NOX1, NOX2, p-AKT, BIRC5, PCNA, BCL-2, BAX, and cleaved caspase-3 were phase-reduced in LOSS compared to the levels in the HOSS group. Total AKT was not differentially expressed among the three groups.ConclusionOSS promotes the proliferation, migration, and survival of subendothelial vascular smooth muscle cells in grafted veins, which may be related to the regulation of downstream p-AKT/BIRC5 levels through the increased production of ROS by NOX. Drugs inhibiting this pathway might be used to prolong vein graft survival time.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2023.1073557/fulloscillating shear stressendothelial proliferationNOXreactive oxygen speciesrevascularization |
| spellingShingle | Guoqing Yao Huanhuan Li Huanhuan Li Xiangyi Zuo Chunkai Wang Yelei Xiao Yu Zhao Xuehu Wang Oscillatory shear stress promotes vein graft intimal hyperplasia via NADPH oxidase-related pathways Frontiers in Surgery oscillating shear stress endothelial proliferation NOX reactive oxygen species revascularization |
| title | Oscillatory shear stress promotes vein graft intimal hyperplasia via NADPH oxidase-related pathways |
| title_full | Oscillatory shear stress promotes vein graft intimal hyperplasia via NADPH oxidase-related pathways |
| title_fullStr | Oscillatory shear stress promotes vein graft intimal hyperplasia via NADPH oxidase-related pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oscillatory shear stress promotes vein graft intimal hyperplasia via NADPH oxidase-related pathways |
| title_short | Oscillatory shear stress promotes vein graft intimal hyperplasia via NADPH oxidase-related pathways |
| title_sort | oscillatory shear stress promotes vein graft intimal hyperplasia via nadph oxidase related pathways |
| topic | oscillating shear stress endothelial proliferation NOX reactive oxygen species revascularization |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2023.1073557/full |
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