Axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: from historical axillary surgery to updated advances in the preoperative diagnosis and axillary management

Abstract Axillary lymph node status, which was routinely assessed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) until the 1990s, is a crucial factor in determining the stage, prognosis, and therapeutic strategy used for breast cancer patients. Axillary surgery for breast cancer patients has evolved from...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tong Wu, Qian Long, Liyun Zeng, Jinfeng Zhu, Hongyu Gao, Yueqiong Deng, Yi Han, Limeng Qu, Wenjun Yi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Surgery
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-025-02802-2