Axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: from historical axillary surgery to updated advances in the preoperative diagnosis and axillary management
Abstract Axillary lymph node status, which was routinely assessed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) until the 1990s, is a crucial factor in determining the stage, prognosis, and therapeutic strategy used for breast cancer patients. Axillary surgery for breast cancer patients has evolved from...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2025-02-01
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Series: | BMC Surgery |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-025-02802-2 |