The Dynamical Emergence of Biology From Physics: Branching Causation via Biomolecules

Biology differs fundamentally from the physics that underlies it. This paper1 proposes that the essential difference is that while physics at its fundamental level is Hamiltonian, in biology, once life has come into existence, causation of a contextual branching nature occurs at every level of the h...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: George F. R. Ellis, Jonathan Kopel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01966/full