Triggering Apoptotic Death of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes by Malic Acid: Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways

Triggering Apoptotic Death of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes by Malic Acid: Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways

Malic acid (MA) has been commonly used in cosmetic products, but the safety reports in skin are sparse. To investigate the biological effects of MA in human skin keratinocytes, we investigated the potential cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of MA in human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT). The data s...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yu-Ping Hsiao, Wan-Wen Lai, Shi-Bei Wu, Chung-Hung Tsai, Sheau-Chung Tang, Jing-Gung Chung, Jen-Hung Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2015-01-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
malic acid (MA)
HaCaT cells
seahorse XF 24 analyzer
apoptosis
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/1/81

Internet

http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/1/81

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