Purple Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra is due to the loss of BoMYBL2–1 expression
Abstract Background Water-soluble anthocyanin pigments are important ingredients in health-improving supplements and valuable for the food industry. Although great attention has been paid to the breeding and production of crops containing high levels of anthocyanin, genetic variation in red or purpl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-018-1290-9 |
| _version_ | 1818309807569895424 |
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| author | Hayoung Song Hankuil Yi Myungjin Lee Ching-Tack Han Jeongyeo Lee HyeRan Kim Jong-In Park Ill-Sup Nou Sun-Ju Kim Yoonkang Hur |
| author_facet | Hayoung Song Hankuil Yi Myungjin Lee Ching-Tack Han Jeongyeo Lee HyeRan Kim Jong-In Park Ill-Sup Nou Sun-Ju Kim Yoonkang Hur |
| author_sort | Hayoung Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Water-soluble anthocyanin pigments are important ingredients in health-improving supplements and valuable for the food industry. Although great attention has been paid to the breeding and production of crops containing high levels of anthocyanin, genetic variation in red or purple cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra) has not yet been characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we identified the mechanism responsible for the establishment of purple color in cabbages. Results BoMYBL2–1 is one of the regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in cabbages. It is a repressor whose expression is inversely correlated to anthocyanin synthesis and is not detectable in purple cabbages. Sequence analysis of purple cabbages revealed that most lacked BoMYBL2–1 coding sequences, although a few had a substitution in the region of the promoter 347 bp upstream of the gene that was associated with an absence of BoMYBL2–1 expression. Lack of transcriptional activity of the substitution-containing promoter was confirmed using transgenic Arabidopsis plants transformed with promoter::GUS fusion constructs. The finding that the defect in BoMYBL2–1 expression was solely responsible for purple coloration in cabbages was further demonstrated using genomic PCR and RT-PCR analyses of many other structural and regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Molecular markers for purple cabbages were developed and validated using 69 cabbage lines. Conclusion Expression of BoMYBL2–1 was inversely correlated to anthocyanin content, and purple color in cabbages resulted from a loss of BoMYBL2–1 expression, caused by either the promoter substitution or deletion of the gene. This is the first report of molecular markers that distinguish purple cabbages. Such markers will be useful for the production of intraspecific and interspecific hybrids for functional foods, and for industrial purposes requiring high anthocyanin content. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:36:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2612ac2ae5ab48809f5402d712d27181 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:36:02Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2612ac2ae5ab48809f5402d712d271812022-12-21T23:55:05ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292018-05-0118111610.1186/s12870-018-1290-9Purple Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra is due to the loss of BoMYBL2–1 expressionHayoung Song0Hankuil Yi1Myungjin Lee2Ching-Tack Han3Jeongyeo Lee4HyeRan Kim5Jong-In Park6Ill-Sup Nou7Sun-Ju Kim8Yoonkang Hur9Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National UniversityDepartment of Life Science, Sogang UniversityKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDepartment of Horticulture, Sunchon National UniversityDepartment of Horticulture, Sunchon National UniversityDepartment of BioEnvironmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National UniversityAbstract Background Water-soluble anthocyanin pigments are important ingredients in health-improving supplements and valuable for the food industry. Although great attention has been paid to the breeding and production of crops containing high levels of anthocyanin, genetic variation in red or purple cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra) has not yet been characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we identified the mechanism responsible for the establishment of purple color in cabbages. Results BoMYBL2–1 is one of the regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in cabbages. It is a repressor whose expression is inversely correlated to anthocyanin synthesis and is not detectable in purple cabbages. Sequence analysis of purple cabbages revealed that most lacked BoMYBL2–1 coding sequences, although a few had a substitution in the region of the promoter 347 bp upstream of the gene that was associated with an absence of BoMYBL2–1 expression. Lack of transcriptional activity of the substitution-containing promoter was confirmed using transgenic Arabidopsis plants transformed with promoter::GUS fusion constructs. The finding that the defect in BoMYBL2–1 expression was solely responsible for purple coloration in cabbages was further demonstrated using genomic PCR and RT-PCR analyses of many other structural and regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Molecular markers for purple cabbages were developed and validated using 69 cabbage lines. Conclusion Expression of BoMYBL2–1 was inversely correlated to anthocyanin content, and purple color in cabbages resulted from a loss of BoMYBL2–1 expression, caused by either the promoter substitution or deletion of the gene. This is the first report of molecular markers that distinguish purple cabbages. Such markers will be useful for the production of intraspecific and interspecific hybrids for functional foods, and for industrial purposes requiring high anthocyanin content.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-018-1290-9AnthocyaninBoMYBL2–1Purple cabbagePromoter substitutionMolecular marker |
| spellingShingle | Hayoung Song Hankuil Yi Myungjin Lee Ching-Tack Han Jeongyeo Lee HyeRan Kim Jong-In Park Ill-Sup Nou Sun-Ju Kim Yoonkang Hur Purple Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra is due to the loss of BoMYBL2–1 expression BMC Plant Biology Anthocyanin BoMYBL2–1 Purple cabbage Promoter substitution Molecular marker |
| title | Purple Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra is due to the loss of BoMYBL2–1 expression |
| title_full | Purple Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra is due to the loss of BoMYBL2–1 expression |
| title_fullStr | Purple Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra is due to the loss of BoMYBL2–1 expression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Purple Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra is due to the loss of BoMYBL2–1 expression |
| title_short | Purple Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra is due to the loss of BoMYBL2–1 expression |
| title_sort | purple brassica oleracea var capitata f rubra is due to the loss of bomybl2 1 expression |
| topic | Anthocyanin BoMYBL2–1 Purple cabbage Promoter substitution Molecular marker |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-018-1290-9 |
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