Ribosomal DNA Copy Number Variation is Coupled with DNA Methylation Changes at the 45S rDNA Locus
The human ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy number (CN) has been challenging to analyse, and its sequence has been excluded from reference genomes due to its highly repetitive nature. The 45S rDNA locus encodes essential components of the cell, nevertheless rDNA displays high inter-individual CN variation t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Epigenetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2023.2229203 |
| _version_ | 1797678802464145408 |
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| author | Aleem Razzaq Yosra Bejaoui Tanvir Alam Mohamad Saad Nady El Hajj |
| author_facet | Aleem Razzaq Yosra Bejaoui Tanvir Alam Mohamad Saad Nady El Hajj |
| author_sort | Aleem Razzaq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy number (CN) has been challenging to analyse, and its sequence has been excluded from reference genomes due to its highly repetitive nature. The 45S rDNA locus encodes essential components of the cell, nevertheless rDNA displays high inter-individual CN variation that could influence human health and disease. CN alterations in rDNA have been hypothesized as a possible factor in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and were shown to be altered in Schizophrenia patients. We tested whether whole-genome bisulphite sequencing can be used to simultaneously quantify rDNA CN and measure DNA methylation at the 45S rDNA locus. Using this approach, we observed high inter-individual variation in rDNA CN, and limited intra-individual copy differences in several post-mortem tissues. Furthermore, we did not observe any significant alterations in rDNA CN or DNA methylation in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) brains in 16 ASD vs 11 control samples. Similarly, no difference was detected when comparing neurons form 28 Schizophrenia (Scz) patients vs 25 controls or oligodendrocytes from 22 Scz samples vs 20 controls. However, our analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between CN and DNA methylation at the 45S rDNA locus in multiple tissues. This was observed in brain and confirmed in small intestine, adipose tissue, and gastric tissue. This should shed light on a possible dosage compensation mechanism that silences additional rDNA copies to ensure homoeostatic regulation of ribosome biogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:05:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26509ae9b42f432f9cd9c7babd23e193 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1559-2294 1559-2308 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:05:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Epigenetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-26509ae9b42f432f9cd9c7babd23e1932023-09-21T13:23:13ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEpigenetics1559-22941559-23082023-12-0118110.1080/15592294.2023.22292032229203Ribosomal DNA Copy Number Variation is Coupled with DNA Methylation Changes at the 45S rDNA LocusAleem Razzaq0Yosra Bejaoui1Tanvir Alam2Mohamad Saad3Nady El Hajj4Hamad Bin Khalifa UniversityHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityThe human ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy number (CN) has been challenging to analyse, and its sequence has been excluded from reference genomes due to its highly repetitive nature. The 45S rDNA locus encodes essential components of the cell, nevertheless rDNA displays high inter-individual CN variation that could influence human health and disease. CN alterations in rDNA have been hypothesized as a possible factor in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and were shown to be altered in Schizophrenia patients. We tested whether whole-genome bisulphite sequencing can be used to simultaneously quantify rDNA CN and measure DNA methylation at the 45S rDNA locus. Using this approach, we observed high inter-individual variation in rDNA CN, and limited intra-individual copy differences in several post-mortem tissues. Furthermore, we did not observe any significant alterations in rDNA CN or DNA methylation in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) brains in 16 ASD vs 11 control samples. Similarly, no difference was detected when comparing neurons form 28 Schizophrenia (Scz) patients vs 25 controls or oligodendrocytes from 22 Scz samples vs 20 controls. However, our analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between CN and DNA methylation at the 45S rDNA locus in multiple tissues. This was observed in brain and confirmed in small intestine, adipose tissue, and gastric tissue. This should shed light on a possible dosage compensation mechanism that silences additional rDNA copies to ensure homoeostatic regulation of ribosome biogenesis.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2023.2229203ribosomal dnacopy numberdna methylationautism spectrum disorderschizophreniadosage compensation |
| spellingShingle | Aleem Razzaq Yosra Bejaoui Tanvir Alam Mohamad Saad Nady El Hajj Ribosomal DNA Copy Number Variation is Coupled with DNA Methylation Changes at the 45S rDNA Locus Epigenetics ribosomal dna copy number dna methylation autism spectrum disorder schizophrenia dosage compensation |
| title | Ribosomal DNA Copy Number Variation is Coupled with DNA Methylation Changes at the 45S rDNA Locus |
| title_full | Ribosomal DNA Copy Number Variation is Coupled with DNA Methylation Changes at the 45S rDNA Locus |
| title_fullStr | Ribosomal DNA Copy Number Variation is Coupled with DNA Methylation Changes at the 45S rDNA Locus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ribosomal DNA Copy Number Variation is Coupled with DNA Methylation Changes at the 45S rDNA Locus |
| title_short | Ribosomal DNA Copy Number Variation is Coupled with DNA Methylation Changes at the 45S rDNA Locus |
| title_sort | ribosomal dna copy number variation is coupled with dna methylation changes at the 45s rdna locus |
| topic | ribosomal dna copy number dna methylation autism spectrum disorder schizophrenia dosage compensation |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2023.2229203 |
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