A CFD Study on the Effects of Injection Timing and Spray Inclusion Angle on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating in Diffusion-Controlled and PCCI Modes of Combustion
In three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the effects of injection timing and spray inclusion angle (SIA) on performance and emissions of diffusion-controlled and Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) combustion in part load for a heavy-duty direct injection (HD...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/6/2861 |
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| author | Cengizhan Cengiz Salih Ozen Unverdi |
| author_facet | Cengizhan Cengiz Salih Ozen Unverdi |
| author_sort | Cengizhan Cengiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the effects of injection timing and spray inclusion angle (SIA) on performance and emissions of diffusion-controlled and Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) combustion in part load for a heavy-duty direct injection (HDDI) diesel engine are studied. The start of injection (SOI) of a 146° SIA injector is varied between −70 and −10 °crank angle (°CA) after top dead center (ATDC). For −50 °CA ATDC SOI with various SIAs between 80° and 146°, PCCI combustion reduces mono-nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>x</sub>) emissions significantly compared to conventional diesel combustion (CDC). Due to incomplete combustion in rich zones formed by droplet–cylinder wall interaction, early wide SIA injection deteriorates combustion efficiency (CE) and Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) and increases soot and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Narrow-angle sprays interacting with the piston bowl elevate CE and IMEP and decrease soot and CO emissions but increases NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. Optimal combustion is achieved by avoiding fuel droplet–cylinder wall interaction. By spray-targeting at the stepped lip of the piston bowl, 100° SIA and −50 °CA ATDC SOI yield, respectively, the highest CE and IMEP: 97.8% and 3.37 bar and the lowest soot and CO emissions: 33.5 and 2.2 ppm, with acceptable NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:36:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27b39617eec04f59b4aa421121cd779d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:36:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-27b39617eec04f59b4aa421121cd779d2023-11-17T10:52:00ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-03-01166286110.3390/en16062861A CFD Study on the Effects of Injection Timing and Spray Inclusion Angle on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating in Diffusion-Controlled and PCCI Modes of CombustionCengizhan Cengiz0Salih Ozen Unverdi1Ford Otosan A.Ş. Eskişehir R&D Test Centre, 26670 Eskisehir, TürkiyeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, TürkiyeIn three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the effects of injection timing and spray inclusion angle (SIA) on performance and emissions of diffusion-controlled and Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) combustion in part load for a heavy-duty direct injection (HDDI) diesel engine are studied. The start of injection (SOI) of a 146° SIA injector is varied between −70 and −10 °crank angle (°CA) after top dead center (ATDC). For −50 °CA ATDC SOI with various SIAs between 80° and 146°, PCCI combustion reduces mono-nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>x</sub>) emissions significantly compared to conventional diesel combustion (CDC). Due to incomplete combustion in rich zones formed by droplet–cylinder wall interaction, early wide SIA injection deteriorates combustion efficiency (CE) and Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) and increases soot and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Narrow-angle sprays interacting with the piston bowl elevate CE and IMEP and decrease soot and CO emissions but increases NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. Optimal combustion is achieved by avoiding fuel droplet–cylinder wall interaction. By spray-targeting at the stepped lip of the piston bowl, 100° SIA and −50 °CA ATDC SOI yield, respectively, the highest CE and IMEP: 97.8% and 3.37 bar and the lowest soot and CO emissions: 33.5 and 2.2 ppm, with acceptable NO<sub>x</sub> emissions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/6/2861HDDI diesel enginePCCI combustionspray inclusion angleadvanced injectioninjection timing |
| spellingShingle | Cengizhan Cengiz Salih Ozen Unverdi A CFD Study on the Effects of Injection Timing and Spray Inclusion Angle on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating in Diffusion-Controlled and PCCI Modes of Combustion Energies HDDI diesel engine PCCI combustion spray inclusion angle advanced injection injection timing |
| title | A CFD Study on the Effects of Injection Timing and Spray Inclusion Angle on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating in Diffusion-Controlled and PCCI Modes of Combustion |
| title_full | A CFD Study on the Effects of Injection Timing and Spray Inclusion Angle on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating in Diffusion-Controlled and PCCI Modes of Combustion |
| title_fullStr | A CFD Study on the Effects of Injection Timing and Spray Inclusion Angle on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating in Diffusion-Controlled and PCCI Modes of Combustion |
| title_full_unstemmed | A CFD Study on the Effects of Injection Timing and Spray Inclusion Angle on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating in Diffusion-Controlled and PCCI Modes of Combustion |
| title_short | A CFD Study on the Effects of Injection Timing and Spray Inclusion Angle on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating in Diffusion-Controlled and PCCI Modes of Combustion |
| title_sort | cfd study on the effects of injection timing and spray inclusion angle on performance and emission characteristics of a di diesel engine operating in diffusion controlled and pcci modes of combustion |
| topic | HDDI diesel engine PCCI combustion spray inclusion angle advanced injection injection timing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/6/2861 |
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